Main Arguments
What is the primary reason Don Lincoln advocates for machines over humans in space exploration?
Don Lincoln argues that robotic exploration is more cost-effective and safer than manned missions.
Name one technological advancement mentioned in the article that has improved robotic space missions.
Advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence have enhanced the capabilities of unmanned space missions.
What is the definition of inhospitable?
not able to support life
What is the author's primary purpose in writing this article?
Lincoln aims to persuade readers that robotic exploration is currently more practical than manned missions.
Do you agree or disagree with the author's viewpoint? Provide one reason for your stance.
Personal responses will vary; students should provide a reasoned explanation for their agreement or disagreement.
According to the article, what are two advantages of using machines in space exploration?
Advantages include lower costs and the elimination of risks to human life.
What historical example does Lincoln use to illustrate the risks of human space travel?
He references the Challenger and Columbia shuttle disasters to highlight the dangers of human spaceflight.
What is the definition of accelerate?
to move faster or speed up
How would you describe the tone of the article?
The tone is logical and informative, presenting a reasoned argument.
What are potential drawbacks of relying solely on machines for space exploration?
Potential drawbacks include the lack of human intuition and adaptability in unforeseen situations during exploration.
How does the author address the counterargument that human presence is essential for space exploration?
He acknowledges the human desire for exploration but emphasizes the current limitations and risks associated with manned space travel.
Describe a specific mission where machines have successfully gathered significant data from space.
The hubble telescope, Mars rovers, such as Curiosity, have provided valuable data without the need for human presence.
What is the definition of economy?
the system of creating, selling, and buying products and services in a region or country
Identify the author's tone.
In the article, Lincoln states, "Robotic exploration is cheaper and safer than manned missions," illustrating his informative and persuasive tone.
How might advancements in technology change the author's argument in the future?
Future technological advancements may reduce costs and risks, potentially making manned missions more viable.
What evidence does Lincoln provide to support the claim that machines are more cost-effective than human missions?
Lincoln cites the high expenses of life support systems and safety measures required for human missions, which are not necessary for robots.
How does the author use statistics to compare the costs of manned versus unmanned missions?
Lincoln compares the costs of the Mars rover missions to proposed manned missions, demonstrating significant savings.
What is the definition of innovation?
the creation of new ideas, products, or ways of doing things
How does Lincoln's background influence his perspective in the article?
As a physicist, Lincoln's scientific background informs his emphasis on data and practicality in space exploration.
Compare and contrast this article's viewpoint with another perspective on space exploration.
Comparing Lincoln's viewpoint with advocates for manned missions reveals differing opinions on the value of human presence in space.
Summarize the author's perspective on the future role of humans in space exploration.
He suggests that while human exploration may be feasible in the future, current technological and financial constraints make robotic missions more practical.
Explain the significance of the Mars rovers in supporting the article's main argument.
The Mars rovers have conducted extensive research, including soil analysis and atmospheric studies, showcasing the effectiveness of robotic exploration.
What is the definition of revenue?
income paid to or made by a business or other organization, before any deductions are made
Discuss how the author's tone contributes to the persuasiveness of the article.
His measured tone lends credibility to his argument, making it more convincing to the audience.
Propose an alternative solution that balances human and machine roles in space exploration.
An alternative approach could involve a combination of robotic missions for preliminary exploration, followed by manned missions once safety and cost concerns are addressed.