Chapter 6.7
The organ in charge of detoxifying alcohol.
Liver
All macronutrients have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen molecules in their structure, but proteins also have____.
Nitrogen.
Type of vitamin A found in plant sources.
Beta-carotene
Requirements for major minerals are 100 mg or more per day, while trace minerals are required less than 100 mg/day.
The highest source of sodium in the American diet (not salt).
processed food
Maximum amount of alcohol that pregnant women can consume.
Nothing. The recommendation is to avoid all forms of alcohol.
What does low-quality protein mean? Which are the two plant sources that DO NOT have low-quality protein?
they don't have all essential amino acids; soy and quinoa
Why is it more likely that fat-soluble vitamins cause toxicity compared with water-soluble vitamins?
it's easier for the body to store fat-soluble vitamins; water-soluble vitamins are easily excreted when in high concentrations.
What does antidiuretic hormone do? Give an example of a diuretic substance (we mentioned 2 in class).
Increases water conservation; Coffee, alcohol, tea.
Main function of folate (folic acid)
form DNA via methylation
Drinker classification for males drinking 15 or more drinks/week.
Heavy drinker.
positive
Excess sodium intake increases the risk of
hypertension
Main enzyme that participates in digestion of proteins.
Pepsin.
Legal limit of BAC for intoxication for adult drivers.
0.08%
The process of removing the amino group from an amino acid is called______. The amino group is then converted into _______.
deamination; ammonia
What is one of the main functions of antioxidants? Specifically to cells.
protect cell membranes from being damaged
How does water move when extracellular fluid has a higher concentration of a solute compared with the intracellular space?
Water moves out of the cell.
Liver disease that can be caused by chronic alcohol consumption that CANNOT be reversible.
Cirrhosis
In a party, your best friend drank 12 oz of beer and 15 oz of wine. How many standard drinks were consumed?
4
*12 oz beer = 1 standard drink
5 oz wine = 1 standard drink
1.5 oz straight spirits = 1 standard drink
Milk, tree nuts, eggs, peanuts, shellfish, soybeans, wheat, fish
Which vitamins are bread enriched with? (There are 4)
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and folic acid
Type of cells that are active with low calcium levels.
Osteoclasts
Disorder caused as a result of mothers consuming alcohol during pregnancy.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder