Chapter 23
What did Gregor Mendel do?
studied inheritance of traits in pea plants (1860s)
What chromosome is provided by the male, and which one is provided by the female?
Male is the Y and Female is the X
What was the voyage that Darwin sailed on?
The beagle
What does LUCA stand for?
Last Universal Common Ancestor
Land plants as well as green and red algae
What is a phenotype and a genotype?
Phenotype: an individual’s actual appearance
Genotype: alleles carried by the chromosomes that are responsible for a given trait
What is Duchenne muscular dystrophy and what is it caused by?
The wasting away of muscles and Caused by absence of protein dystrophin
What was Lamarck's and Darwin's Theory?
Lamarcks: The theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
Darwins: The theory of natural selection
What is Microbiology?
Study of microbes, including bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, viruses, and prions.
What Chromalveolates are multicellular and marine, brown, and include kelp?
Brown Algae
What is an Autosomal Recessive and Autosomal Dominant Disorder
Recessive: Cystic Fibrosis
Dominant: Fatal Familia Insomnia
What is a Karyotype?
•chromosomes arranged by pairs according to their size and general appearance.
What is a Mold, Cast, and a Fossil
Mold - air space remains
Cast - silica fills up the air space
Fossil -•remains and traces of past life.
What are the four stages of LUCA?
1. Organic Monomers
2. Organic Polymers
3. Protobionts
4. Living Cells
What is an example of Sac Fungi?
Yeasts, Penicillium, Aspergillus
What does the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment state?
Law of Segregation: each gamete gets only one letter (allele) of each kind.
Law of Independent Assortment: all combinations (of alleles) are possible.
What is Turner sydrome? Explain in detail.
•Females have one X chromosome.
•Usually are short with webbed neck, high palate, and small jaw
•Many have congenital heart and kidney defects
•Most have ovarian failure and do not undergo puberty or menstruate without hormone therapy
•About 1 in 2000 girls born
What are the two types of Genetic Drift? (Explain in detail for full points)
Bottleneck and founder effect
Bacteria reproduce asexually by what?
Binary fission
What Chromalveolates are unicellular, have a glassy cell wall containing silica, and do 20 to 25% of photosynthesis on Earth?
Diatoms
What animal genetics are affected by environmental factors/influences?
Himalayan Rabbits, Crocodiles, Clownfishes
What is a trisomy and what is a monosomy?
Chromosome present in three copies
Chromosome present in on copy
Botulinum Toxins (one of the deadliest toxins on earth) are caused by what?
Hint: Found in food poisoning and used for beauty
Clostridium Botulinum
What is the sexual reproductive structure called in club fungi?
Basidium