The Scientific Method
A way of problem solving by making a hypothesis and testing it.
What is the Scientific Method?
A substance made up of only one kind of atom.
What is an element?
On a periodic table, it shows the number of protons or electrons in an atom.
What is the atomic number?
He organized the elements and invented the Periodic Table.
Who is Dmitri Mendeleev?
A chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
An educated guess about what is going to happen in an experiment.
What is a hypothesis?
A physical property of a liquid that refers to its resistance to flow.
What is viscosity?
The subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
What are protons and neutrons?
The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.
What are valence electrons?
An ion with a negative charge.
What is an anion?
A group that does not receive the treatment being studied in an experiment.
What is a control group?
A mixture with parts that are so evenly distributed that it appears to be one substance.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
He envisioned atoms as solid, hard spheres, like billiard balls, and created what is known as the Billiard Ball Model.
Who is John Dalton?
They have properties of metals and nonmetals.
What are metalloids?
A reaction where one reactant breaks down into two or more products.
What is a decomposition reaction?
It predicts a pattern seen in nature and answers "What happens?" It does NOT explain WHY the phenomenon exists or what causes it.
What is a scientific law?
A scale of 0-14 that shows how acidic or alkaline a substance is. Below 7 indicates an acid, while above 7 indicates a base.
What is pH?
He conducted the Gold Foil Experiment, proving the the center of the atom contains a nucleus.
Who is Ernest Rutherford?
A group of elements that have 2 valence electrons, are usually found in a compound in nature, and are all found in the Earth's crust.
What are the Alkaline Earth Metals?
A special type of ion made up of a group of covalently bonded atoms that, as a group, has a positive or negative charge.
What is a polyatomic ion?
The three types of experimental variables.
What are dependent, independent, and controlled variables?
The process where a substance burns in the presence of oxygen.
What is combustion?
A visual model of the most likely locations for electrons in an atom. Appears more dense at locations where the probability of finding an electron is higher.
What is the Electron Cloud?
The two liquids on the Periodic Table.
What are bromine and mercury?
A bond formed when electrons are not shared equally between two atoms.
What is a polar covalent bond?