Unit 1
What does tenacity mean?
being determined; holding fast/gripping firmly
What does exacerbate mean?
to intensify/make more severe
What does incumbency mean?
state of occupying a type of office
What does encroach mean?
To go beyond set limits
What does misnomer mean?
term used that incorrectly designates/describes something
What are common types of contested usage?
Ending a sentence with a preposition
Conjunction starting a sentence
Passive voice can be appropriate
The noun "they" can be singular
What are some of the types of specialized vocabulary?
academic
domain-specific
technical
What are the rhetorical appeals?
ethos
pathos
logos
kairos
What are the types of affixes?
prefix
suffix
What is the chain of legal reasoning and what are the 5 elements of it?
It is established a formal process and system of reasoning.
5 elements: issue, rule, facts, analysis, conclusion
What is an objective summary?
It is a summary about a text that omits opinions, and it only states information taken from the text.
What is an annotated bibliography?
Citation of a source in MLA format followed by a summary of the source, why you used it, and why it's useful for your writing.
Make sure there is proper spelling, punctuation, and grammar. Make sure the introduction and conclusion are interesting. Make sure the evidence you use is relevant, sufficient, and accurate.
For an argument essay, how do we understand our audience?
Ask yourself who your audience is, their current knowledge (about your topic, how well educated they are, possible confusing information to them), and what they value/feel (biases, opinions, concerns).
How do we revise for content?
Depending on the essay, you want to go through the introduction/body paragraphs/conclusion/evidence to make sure they meet the requirements as well as to make sure they are accurate/engaging
What textual details from “Household Robots Are Here, but Where Are They Going?” help develop the idea that social robots can perform simple tasks based on voice commands?
Select all that apply.
[Jibo] can teach kids languages, or, sitting on the kitchen counter, teach adults recipes.
In the coming years, machine learning will enable these robots to converse meaningfully with humans.
But while Jibo can move, neither device is mobile, partly because there’s not yet any reason for them to be mobile.
Echo is a monolith—a simple, sleek cylinder that mostly responds to commands.
[Jibo] can teach kids languages, or, sitting on the kitchen counter, teach adults recipes.
Echo is a monolith—a simple, sleek cylinder that mostly responds to commands.
Read the excerpt from “How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy,” in which the author uses rhetorical features to persuade her readers.
How do you teach a child right from wrong without being too tough or slipping into abuse? Who among us has not raised our voice—O.K., screamed—while disciplining our children?
What options correctly explain why the author uses these rhetorical features?
Select all that apply.
The author asks personal questions to conduct an informal survey of the way parents discipline their children.
The author asks rhetorical questions to invite the audience to carefully think about the presented topic.
The author uses words like “abuse” and “screamed” to create a negative tone and to exaggerate the level of discipline that parents use.
The author uses first-person pronouns like “us” and “our” to appear friendly and to create an inclusive tone.
The author asks rhetorical questions to invite the audience to carefully think about the presented topic.
The author uses first-person pronouns like “us” and “our” to appear friendly and to create an inclusive tone.
Read the excerpt from “How Much Can Electric Cars Impact Climate Change?”
Just two months before international climate talks begin in Paris, a new report from energy and environmental groups predicts greenhouse gases can plunge 77 percent in 2050 by electrifying more than half the nation’s cars, trucks and forklifts.
What text structure is used in the excerpt?
chronological
sequential
comparison-and-contrast
cause-and-effect
cause-and-effect
Read the excerpt from President George W. Bush’s “Address to Joint Session of Congress Following 9/11 Attacks.”
I will not yield; I will not rest; I will not relent in waging this struggle for freedom and security for the American people.
Which options explain the effect of Bush’s use of parallelism?
Select all that apply.
Creating a poetic rhythm makes the words more memorable for the audience.
Stating a sequence of related ideas echoes the need for Americans to remain patient and determined.
Using “I” repeatedly shows that the president bears the greatest burden of the war.
Using simple statements conveys the meaning to people who might not understand it at first.
Creating a poetic rhythm makes the words more memorable for the audience.
Stating a sequence of related ideas echoes the need for Americans to remain patient and determined.
Read Betty Friedan’s essay “The National Organization for Women’s 1966 Statement of Purpose.”
Which excerpt most clearly identifies a conclusion of Friedan’s argument?
To this end, we urge American government and industry to mobilize the same resources of ingenuity and command with which they have solved problems of far greater difficulty than those now impeding the progress of women.
In all the professions considered of importance to society, and in the executive ranks of industry and government, women are losing ground.
We realize that women’s problems are linked to many broader questions of social justice; their solution will require concerted action by many groups.
WE DO NOT ACCEPT the token appointment of a few women to high-level positions in government and industry as a substitute for serious continuing effort to recruit and advance women according to their individual abilities.
To this end, we urge American government and industry to mobilize the same resources of ingenuity and command with which they have solved problems of far greater difficulty than those now impeding the progress of women.
The most appropriate tones for informational text is.....
and how does tone help understand the implied meaning of a text?
professional
formal
neutral
objective
It helps uncover purpose, task, and audience for a text.
What are the key characteristics of good evidence?
Relevance, sufficiency, and validity. The information can be general or specific, but it has to support you to a good extent.
What does a good introduction have?
A hook
Context and/or background information
Importance of the main idea
All information above leads to thesis statement naturally and properly
How do we use evidence to support claims?
Use various types of evidence, make sure the author is credible, make sure the evidence meeds the main characteristics it should be, and make sure the evidence is easily understandable by the audience
What should you NOT include in an argument essay?
first person pronouns
slang
any style besides formal
any tone besides objective