Theatre of the Italian Renaissance
"Downstage" and "upstage" refer to this common convention of Italian Renaissance theater architecture.
What is a raked stage?
The English Renaissance is also sometimes called the _____________ after the monarch who was in power for much of this period.
What is the Elizabethan Era?
Unlike English Renaissance companies, ________ were permitted to perform on stage during the Spanish Golden Age (although there were many laws enacted to discourage this practice).
Who are women?
A __________ between Catholics and Protestants caused Renaissance theatre to arrive later in France than in other European countries.
What is a civil war?
This actress was known for her quick wit and her affair with King Charles II.
Who is Nell Gwynn?
These are the three unities of neoclassicism.
What are the unities of time, action, and place?
The two types of theaters used during the English Renaissance were ______ and _______.
What are public and private?
_________ were full-length plays that could be serious, comic, or a mixture of both. They dealt with themes of love and honor, were episodic in form, and were typically written in three acts instead of five.
What are comedias?
This play caused a controversy because people thought that it was attacking religion. However, the playwright stressed that it was only condemning hypocrisy.
What is Tartuffe?
Restoration actors worked under a ________ system.
What is a contract system?
______ was developed at a Florentine academy at the end of the sixteenth century and was essentially a misinterpretation of ancient Greek theatre practices.
What is opera?
_____________ were plays that were often performed at universities by students and teachers. They were inspired by ancient Greek and Roman plays.
What are school dramas?
Similar to medieval theatre, religious plays were staged on wagons called _________.
What are carros?
Cardinal Richelieu erected this theatre, which was the first proscenium-arch theater in France and featured Italianate scene-shifting machinery.
What is the Palais-Cardinal (or Royal)?
Restoration actors had __________________ to increase their salaries.
What are benefit performances?
This was the first permanent theater constructed during the Italian Renaissance. It was designed as a miniature indoor Roman theater and features perspective scenic units backstage.
What is the Teatro Olimpico?
___________________ were a group of seminal playwrights that included Christopher Marlowe and Thomas Kyd.
Who are The University Wits?
________________ combined elements of medieval morality and mystery plays and could be based on secular as well as religious sources. They often included supernatural, human, and allegorical characters.
What are autos sacramentales?
___________ was considered the finest French tragic actor of the late seventeenth century and was noted for his less stilted, more natural acting style.
Who is Michel Baron?
Catharine Trotter, Delariviere Manley, and Mary Pix were collectively known as the _____________. Initially, it was a derogatory label, but it now has a positive connotation.
Who are the Female Wits?
This scenic system revealed a new set of wings to the audience but required a lot of manual labor (i.e., the use of many stagehands) and it was challenging to coordinate.
What is the groove system?
Theaters did not use much scenery during the English Renaissance. Instead, they relied on a ________________ stage, which was a carry-over from medieval processional staging.
What is a neutral platform stage?
This Spanish Golden Age playwright wrote hundreds of plays in episodic form (he claimed to have written over 1500, but it was probably closer to 800). He also wrote a treatise called The New Art of Playwriting to defend himself from neoclassical critics.
Who is Lope de Vega?
Like many French theaters during the neoclassical period, the Théâtre du Marais was a converted __________.
What is a tennis court?
This form of drama was the most popular in the Restoration period and is characterized by the way it pokes fun at the fashions and foibles of the upper class with witty exchanges, repartee, and sexually suggestive references.
What is comedies of manners?