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Exam #1
Exam #2
Exam #3
Other Terms
Other World Views
100
Literally, the "love of wisdom;" an attempt to provide rational and coherent understanding of the fundamental questions in life.
What is Philosophy?
100
From the Greek word...meaning world or universe.

What is cosmos?

100
If inductive reasoning deals with the conclusion of an argument proceeding from specific to general, then deductive reasoning moves from _____to ______.
What is general to specific reasoning?
100
German term, referring to a person's world view.

(We'll forgive mispronunciation!) What is Weltanschauung?

100

Knowledge that is based on the use of reason or logic is rationalism (Mathematics for example); therefore, knowledge that is based on experience and experimentation is__________.

What is empiricism?

200
The branch or field of philosophy concerned with moral values and human conduct.
What is Ethics?
200
The belief that everyone should be concerned for the benefit and welfare of others.

What is altruism?

200
The study of the principles of correct thinking is____.
What is logic?
200
Solidarity and submission to societal norms both internally and externally is what Emile Durkheim termed______________.

What is the collective consciousness?

200
The belief that not only is there no intrinsic meaning in the universe, but that it's pointless to try to construct our own as a substitute.

What is Nihilism?

300
Literally, a  "blank tablet." John Locke's empirical view that human beings possess no innate (inborn) ideas or principles.

What is tabula rasa?

300
The state of being independent, self-determining, or free.

What is autonomy?

300
This is the study of being; mostly relates to the study of the human condition.

What is ontology?

300

The philosopher responsible for Logotherapy, based on his experience with suffering during the Holocaust, is________.

Who is Viktor Frankl?
300
The belief that through a combination of awareness, free will, and personal responsibility, one can construct his/her own meaning within a world that has none of its own.

What is Existentialism?

400
Derived from the Greek Socrates, a method for finding truth and meaning through rigorous questioning (hint: think of Plato's "Allegory of the Cave").
What is the Socractic Method?
400
Beyond, or distinct from, the time/space world.

What is transcendent?

400
If moral thinking is governed by norm of good/right, then scientific thinking is governed by________.
What is truth or natural evidence?
400
If modernity signifies the break from previously accepted traditional ways of life, then what is post-modernity?
(Any variation is fine.) What is the meshing of skepticism about order and progress; diversity and fragmentation are celebrated rather than order and standardization.
400
Celebration of humankind's abilities to govern themselves, to attain knowledge, and to maintain control over our species.

What is Humanism?

500

If a posteriori is knowledge derived from, or after, five sense experience, then a ____________ is knowledge acquired prior to or independently of, five sense experience.

What is a priori?

500
Theism is the world view that affirms the existence of an infinite, personal God, then ___________is the world view that makes God wholly Immanent, and therefore, not transcendent.
What is Pantheism?
500
The explanation which fits the facts with the assumptions is the best; simpler is often better.

What is Ockham's Razor?

500
These are signs common in culture that are recognizable such as law, language, religion, labor, beliefs, attitudes, etc.

What are social facts?

500
A pragmatist believes ideas are true only if they work after testing; accepts change and discovery as ways to improve society. In contrast, a ________is one who demands clear, observable, and irrefutable evidence before accepting any claim as "true"--regardless of testing.
What is a skeptic?