Cell Cycle Overview
Mitosis
Checkpoint Proteins
Cancer
Stem Cells
100
Where in the cell cycle does DNA replicate itself?
S-phase
100
How many daughter cells come from one mother cell?
2
100
Checkpoint proteins in this phase make sure that the DNA replicated properly
S-phase
100
Why did we learn about cancer this week?
It is related to the cell cycle
100
A single fertilized egg becomes a ball of 200-300 cells. What process is responsible for this growth?
mitosis
200
What is cytokinesis?
When the daughter cells split apart
200
Name the phases of mitosis in order.
PMAT
200
Checkpoint proteins in this phase make sure that the cell has enough resources plus two copies of every chromosome so division may proceed
G2
200
Were you listening? Why is surgery to remove cancer often unsuccessful?
If even one cancerous cell remains, it can regrow
200
What special ability do stem cells have?
They can differentiate into any type of cell in the body
300
Normal cells spend most of their time in ____phase.
inter
300
What phase comes right before cytokinesis?
telophase
300
Name one way that has not already been mentioned that a mutated checkpoint protein can cause cancer
teacher will verify
300
Name one way that has not already been mentioned that a mutated checkpoint protein can cause cancer
Teacher will verify
300
What types of cells can form from bone marrow stem cells?
Blood cells (red, white, platelets)
400
Name all 4 phases of the cell cycle.
G1, S, G2, and M
400
Anaphase
400
Cancer is one of the worst things that can result from faulty checkpoint proteins. Name a much less serious problem people have as a result of a faulty checkpoint protein.
hair loss or warts
400
Were you listening? Chemotherapy kills cancer cells because they grow fast. Chemo also kills what non-cancerous cells?
Any fast growing cells like hair/skin cells, cells that line the digestive tract.
400
Name one medical problem use of stem cells that is happening now or will be in the near future.
Bone marrow transplants are happening now and soon we will use stem cells in diabetes and in paralysis victims.
500
Cells in G0 do not ___ .
divide
500
In what phase does chromatin condense into chromosomes while the spindle start to form?
prophase
500
If a cell does not pass the G1 checkpoint, one of 2 things could happen. Name one and use the correct terminology.
apoptosis or
cell will enter G0
500
Were you listening? The doctor tells you that your cancer has metastasized and you have bladder cancer cells in your brain. What does metastasized mean?
The cancer has left its area of origin and gone to other parts of the body.
500
How are adult stem cells more limited than embryonic stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells can become ANY type of cell. Adult stem cells are more limited in what they can become.
600
Name a cell type that would spend most of its life in G0.
neuron, muscle cell
600
A cell has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes do each of the daughter cells have after mitosis?
12
600
a checkpoint protein in M-phase makes sure that all sister chromatids are are attached to the spindle at a centromere. At what mitotic phase is this evident?
metaphase
600
Where does colon cancer start to develop?
Acceptable answers: the stem cells, or deep in the crypt.
600
Name a useful application of plant stem cells.
cloning plants quick and cheap, conserving endangered species, cloning genetically modified plants to handle environmental change