I kidney you not
What are the 4 main organs of the renal system?
Ureters, Bladder, Kidneys, Urethra
What are the two factors that affect the Glomerular Filtration Rate?
Hydrostatic Pressure and Colloid Osmotic Pressure
What is the color range of urine?
Light yellow to amber
What are the arterioles in a kidney that lead to the renal corpuscle?
Give at least 3.
Renal arteriole, Segmental arteriole, Interlobular arteriole, Accurate arteriole, Cortical arteriole, Afferent arteriole
What hormone acts to maintain blood osmolarity and blood pressure?
Antidiuretic Hormone
What is the term used to describe a system wherein a capillary bed drains into a vessel that forms a capillary bed?
Portal System
What mechanism of recovery requires specific membrane receptors for movement?
Facilitated Diffusion
How much urine and filtrate is produced from the renal system daily?
Filtrate: 200 L
Urine: 1-2 L
Give at least 4 of the internal parts of the kidney.
This hormone increases GFR via the vasodilation of afferent arterioles and vasoconstriction of efferent arterioles
Natriuretic Hormone
What cellular epithelium does the interior surface of the bladder have if it is distended?
Squamous Epithelium
Indirect control of Tubular Reabsorption is exerted by what?
Renin
What is the volume condition of urine if one only urinates <50ml in one day?
Anuria
What are the parts of a nephron?
Give at least 3.
Afferent arteriole, Glomerulus, Bowman's Capsule, Efferent arteriole, Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Distal Convoluted Tubule
What process is kick-started in response to exercises that increase a person's heart and breathing rate over relatively long durations?
Erythropoiesis
What is part of the JGA formed by part of the wall of the DCT?
Macula Densa
The increase in stimulation of sympathetic nerves leads to what?
Vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow
What is the acidity and osmolarity of normal urine?
Acidity: 4.5-8 pH
Osmolarity: 40-1350 or 50-100 to 1200 mOsmol/kg
What happens to the urine once it reaches the DCT?
10-15% of remaining water is absorbed in the DCT
What must be converted to calcitriol to promote Ca++ reabsorption in the GI tract?
Calcidiol
What allows water to pass from the duct lumen through the cells and into the interstitial spaces to be recovered by the vasa recta?
Aquaporin Channel Proteins
What mechanism occurs in the JGA that involves a paracrine signaling mechanism utilizing ATP, adenosine, and nitric oxide?
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Mechanism
What are the Urobilinogen and Bilirubin counts in normal urine?
Urobilinogen: 0.2-1 mg per 100ml
Bilirubin: <0.3mg per 100ml
What happens to the urine in the Ascending loop?
Na and Cl are reabsorbed by a cotransport system
What stretch-contraction mechanism occurs in the afferent arteriole that supplies the glomerulus?
Myogenic Mechanism