Voice Disorders
Examples of what we can learn about a person just by listening to their voice
What is identity, occupation, comfort level, confidence level, health?
Percent of children who recover naturally from stuttering
What is 80%?
One phonotactic rule of Standard American English being followed in the word "Catamount"
What is starting a word with a consonant sound, ending a word in a consonant cluster, three syllables in a word, use of a vowel sound in each syllable?
Subsystems of speech that may be impacted by motor speech disorders
What are respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody.
Position of the velum during the production of /b/
What is up or closed (forming a seal)?
Perceptual parameters of voice
What are pitch, loudness, quality, resonance, rate of speech?
Possible contributing factors to stuttering
What is biological (genetics and family link), neurological (genetic factors that lead to differences in brain areas that control speech muscles or neural pathways), environment?
*What is NOT a cause of stuttering?
Word that follows a CCVC syllable pattern: "champ", "play", "slip"
What is slip?
Reason why 'groping' is a hallmark feature of apraxia of speech and consistent & predictable errors are a hallmark feature of dysarthria
What is difficulty with the motor planning of the movements of the articulators needed for speech and the result of muscle weakness
New way of breathing after laryngectomy
What is through a hole (stoma) in the neck?
The professional a SLP should always refer a client to if there is a change in vocal quality
Who is an otolaryngologist (ENT)?
Three primary stuttering behaviors we hear and secondary behaviors we see
What are part-word repetitions, prolongations, and blocks and body movements, avoidance, giving up, changing words?
*What is below the surface?
Number of letters vs number of sounds in: "dough" & "blush"
What is 5 letters, 2 sounds ("dough") and 5 letters and 4 sounds ("blush") ?
Four strategies to use with dysarthria to improve clarity of speech
What is pacing, overarticulation, focused breathing, use of contrastive stress.
Question on in-take form that would help you figure out possible cause of a speech sound disorder
What is any issues with feeding/swallowing, history of surgery, late to babbling, birth history & developmental milestones, history of ear infections, history of tubes in the ear, exposure to loud noises
Examples of a Structural, Neurological, and Functional voice disorder
What is vocal nodules (polyps, laryngitis, cancer, aging), vocal fold paralysis, muscle tension dysphonia?
Ways a clinician can support people who stutter beyond trying to 'fix' fluency
Desensitize stuttering, talk about it, unpack it, stutter openly, stop running away from the stutter, change mindset around stuttering
A child says "fink" for "think" and "sop" for "stop"
What is substitution and omission?
M.I.T.
What is melodic intonation therapy which involves hand tapping with the left hand and intonation singing of phrases (e.g., natural prosody)
Voice treatment program Parkinson's Disease
What is the LSVT Loud program?
*What is the goal of this program?
Vocal abuse/misuse
What are yelling, screaming, forced whispering, throat clearing, grunting, smoking, drinking, coughing, not doing vocal warm ups?
Barriers a person who stutters might face
What is impatience, lack of eye contact, guessing what the person is trying to say by completing the sentence, making assumptions, telling the person to take a breath and relax?
Speech sound difference vs delay vs disorder
What is results from differences in geographical location, cultural background, enviornment, gender, etc. vs. same typical pattern as a typical learner but a bit behind (patten like a younger learner), vs. atypical patterns not expected at any age impacting ability to communicate
Observation on an oral mech exam to help differentially diagnose Structural difference vs. Apraxia vs. Dysarthria
What is cleft palate (overbite, underbite, fistula, nasal emission, enlarged tonsils, short frenum) vs. groping, inconsistent errors on ddks, more accurate spontaneous speech, vs. decreased range of motion, asymmetry, slushy ddks
Biphonation (hint: horse) and Diplophonia
What is the perception of two pitches occurring at the same time?
Biphonation: voluntary, health communication tool used for emotional expression that mammals such as a horse might use.
Diplophonia: pathological symptom of vf injury or disease