activity and exercise & other
What are isotonic exercises
swimming
yoga
cycling
dynamic reistance training
Weight lifting with joint movement
complications of immobility
pressure ulcers
Deep vein thrombosis
muscle atrophy
joint contractors
consipation
Objective findings of dyspnea
use of accessory muscles
Diaphoresis, cyanosis or tripod position
O2 Stats of <90%
RR; Tachypnea >30
HR; Tachycardia >120
Labs that show fluid volume deficit is improving
BUN 10-20mb/dl
Urine output of 30ml/hr
Urine specific gravity 1005-1030
Normal venous filling of neck veins
Des Active range of motion or Passive range of motion prevent contractors
Passive range of motion of affected extremities must be instituted to help prevent contractures
physiological effects of exercise on the body
increase cardiac output
Change in metabolic rate
Increased respiratory rate and depth
Increased muscle tone, size, & strength
proper use of Cane
use Cane on strong side
move cane with affected limb
adjust handle so it aligns with crease of wrist while at side
UP- strong leg first then cane and weak leg
DOWN-cane and weak limb first then strong leg
up with good down with bad
S/S of Hypoxia
Early signs- restlessness & agitation
Low O2 Stats
rapid breathing
confusion, anxiety, dizziness, headache, reduced concentration
rapid HR, Cyanosis
S/S of hypoparathyroidism
low serum calcium (hypocalcemia)
Carpopedal spasms (Trousseau's Sign)
Paresthesia (numbness in lips & Hands)
What are considered high potassium foods
Potatoes
Broccoli
Carrots
Lima beans
fluid volume deficit S/S
Tented skin when pinched
extremely thirst
dry mouth
decreased urine output & dark urine
dizziness, fatigue
diuretic labs to what for
low potassium normal is 3.5-5 mEq/l
COPD and Oxygenation to what for
No O2 above 4Lt
CO2 to high
Oxygen toxicity
Therapy needs to monitored
S/S of hypermagnesemia
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes
Metabolic alkalosis
PH high > 7.45
HCO3 > 26
PaCo2 normal 35-45
why use Z-track injection
Prevent damage to skin
prevent bruising from heparin shots
prevent medication from following needle out of skin
proper lifting techniques
bending at knees and using legs muscles to lift
keeping items close to the body the lifting
get help when needed
What is perfusion
flow of blood through the cardiovascular system to body's tissue and organs
A patient with dehydration causing hyponatremia will have which symptoms
Orthostatic hypotension
nausea, vomiting
headache
muscle cramps/weakness
fatigue & confusion
nutrition risk for PU
low protien intake <0.8g/kg/day
if at risk should be 1.2-1.5 g/kg/day intake
structor responsible for gas exchange
alveoli
tiny gap like air saxs located at end of bronchial tubes where gas exchange occurs
action sequence demonstrates best practice in safe patient handling and mobility
Assessment-evaluaaate situation
Teamwork-2 staff members increases safety
communication-explaining to pt lowers fears
what do you monitor for with nasal cannula O2 administration
Oxygenation toxicity S/S are
coughing, chest pain, trouble breathing
seizures
visual changes
dizziness
things that cause hypokalemia
Cushing's disease
NG suctioning
Hyperinsulinism
prevention of skin break down
turn pt Q 2 hrs
albumin levels of 3.4-5.4 g/dl
tepid water & mild soaps for bathing
applying emollients to damp skin