Contaminants
This is a naturally occurring radioactive gas
Radon
The tendency of the compound to adhere to soil particles
Koc or Soil adsorption coefficient
The lowest level of a chemical stressor evaluated in a toxicity test that shows harmful effects on a plant or animal
Lowest-observed-adverse effect level or LOAEL
This is a measure of the species diversity in a community
Diversity index
These are the actions taken after considering the environmental risk assessment (ERA) and other information.
Environmental risk management (ERM)
These are two types of models for dose-response of non-essential metals
Threshold and Non-threshold models
The geochemical process where contaminants are transported over vast distances from warmer to colder regions of the earth
The grasshopper effect/ Global distillation
The probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis
Power of the test or 1-beta
Organisms used to screen the health of the natural ecosystem in the environment
Bioindicators
This value is obtained by calculating the ratio of the predicted environmental concentration to the predicted no-effects concentration
Risk quotient
Biphasic dose response to an environmental agent characterized by a low-dose stimulation or beneficial effect and a high-dose inhibitory or toxic effect.
Hormesis
A synthetic product with biological activity that is not formed by natural biosynthetic processes, is often slowly degraded. e.g. pharmaceuticals
Xenobiotic
This type of waterborne exposure exposes organisms to the original test solution for the duration of the test
Static test
Nina studied the effects of pharmaceuticals and PPCPs on goldfish exposed to wastewater effluent in cages placed in the Cootes Paradise Marsh. This was an ___ exposure
In-situ exposure
In environmental risk assessment, these values are used to compensate for a deficiency in knowledge of the range of effect of a contaminant and the difficulty in estimating the effects
Uncertainty factors
Family of cysteine-rich proteins involved in metal detoxification
Metallothioneins
This is the tendency of a chemical to escape from the condensed phase to the vapor phase
Fugacity
The probability of this type of error decreases if you increase the sample size
Type II error
This artic food web comprises of seabirds, whales, and fish
Pelagic food web
This phase of ERA involves risk estimation and description
Phase III- Risk Characterization
This organometallic compound was used to get rid of mussels on ships
Organotin/tributyl tin/Antifouling agents
Chemical modifications made by an organism on a chemical compound, often associated with change (increase, decrease, or little change) in pharmacologic and toxicologic activity.
Biotransformation
The experimental design where fifty animals are divided into 5 groups of 10 each. Each group is administered an increasing dose or concentration of the chemical and the LC50 is calculated using probit analysis
Miller and Tainter method
The startle response of fish in a tank can be ranked as this type of behavioral response
E1
When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the environment, this concept is followed since some cause-and-effect relationships are not fully established scientifically
Precautionary principle