Perspectives
This term means the “framework of beliefs” that shapes how a person or group interprets the world.
What is a worldview?
This disease began in southern Europe in 1347 and within five years 25 million Europeans died.
What is the Black Death?
This tool improved astronomy by letting scientists observe space in much greater detail.
What is the telescope?
These were the three main motivations for European exploration.
What is God, Gold and Glory?
This was the European trade route to Asia that became risky and expensive after the Ottoman Empire expanded.
What is the Silk Road?
These are the equivalent to medieval workers unions.
What is a guild?
The plague was transmitted on these creatures.
What are fleas (carried by rats)?
This model said the Sun is at the centre, which challenged the older Earth-centred view.
What is heliocentrism?
This navigation tool allowed sailors to determine direction by using the Earth’s magnetic field.
What is the compass?
This rent-paying tenant farmer did not owe service to a landlord.
Who is a freeman?
Alongside Nicolaus Copernicus, this thinker postures the idea of a heliocentric model.
Who is Galileo Galilei?
This political system granted land in exchange for loyalty.
What is feudalism?
In the scientific method, this is the step where you make a testable prediction before experimenting.
What is a hypothesis?
This English sea captain circled the globe and became famous for attacking Spanish ships and settlements in the Americas during the Age of Exploration.
Who is Sir Francis Drake?
Renaissance thinkers who believed people could shape their own lives and improve society were called this.
Who are humanists?
An example of this would be a textbook paragraph only describing European goals (gold, glory, God) but barely mentions Indigenous experiences.
What is bias?
The title of a plot of land owned by a knight.
This part of the scientific method means repeating tests and checking results to make sure they are reliable.
What is replication (repeating experiments)?
This triangular trade pattern connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas through goods and forced labour.
What is the Trans-Atlantic slave trade (Triangular Trade)?
These were privately owned ships and sailors given government permission (a “license”) to attack enemy ships and steal cargo during wartime.
What are privateers?
This is the term for the higher class of medieval society.
Who are the aristocracy?
These laws controlled spending on things like clothing and food to keep the class structure in place.
What are sumptuary laws?
This navigation tool helped sailors estimate latitude by measuring the position of the Sun or stars.
What is the astrolabe (or quadrant) / sextant?
These were the ships that the Portuguese used for long ocean voyages during the Age of Exploration.
What are caravels?
This cash crop grew well in the Caribbean and helped drive demand for enslaved labour.
What is sugar?