Morality Well-being
Define Hedonic and Eudaimonic Happiness
Hedonic: State happiness achieved through experiences of pleasure
Eudaimonic: Longer lasting and achieved through meaning and purpose
Why are human particularly affected by early life experiences?
Earlier birth relative to other animals (approximately 18 month).
Is Moral Foundations Theory a descriptive or prescriptive theory?
Descriptive
What is distributive justice reasoning?
Reasoning about how to share (divide goods) fairly?
What must forgiveness always remain?
"A free choice"
What does the Veneer Theory say?
Human morality is only superficial and ignored during challenging times.
Give one example of a soothing perinatal experience?
-Immediate reconnection of mother and child soon after birth
-Not leaving newborn to sleep in a room alone
-Avoding exposure to unpleasant stimuli (e.g., bright lights, chemical smells, rough touches).
Bring the following four elements in the right order in Haidt's alternative model: Event ->...
Moral Reasoning, Moral Intuition, Moral Judgment, Emotional Reaction
Event->Emotional Reaction-> Moral Intuition - Moral Judgment -> Moral Reasoning
What is measured by the false belief task?
Theory of mind
When working on forgiveness, which dimension should one start with: Cognitive, emotional, or behavioral?
Cognitive (easier to think good thoughts than to feel good emotions, or perform good actions)
What does empirical research suggest about the relationship of moral identity and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being?
Meta-analysis: Moral identity is related to greater well-being across various dimensions (happiness/positive affect, life satisfaction, purpose/meaning, self-esteem).
Which ethic mindset becomes over-activated when the evolved nest is not provided?
Security ethic (Self-protectionist mindset).
What are the three binding foundations?
Loyalty, Respect for authority, Purity/Sanctity
Name two secondary cognitive distortions:
-Blaming others
-Assuming the worst
-Minimizing/Mislabeling
What are the three types of will to forgive in Enright's model?
Free Will
Good Will
Strong Will
What is empathic distress fatigue?
Stress that may be experienced when constantly (emotionally) empathizing with other people's suffering.
A deficiency in which nest component is most strongly linked to aggression?
Lack of play.
What is Darcia Narvaez's criticism of Moral Foundations Theory?
Foundations originate from civilization not human nature.
Which developmental need of adolescents should interventions not undermine in order to be successful?
Need for Status and Respect
What are the four key points Enright highlights when describing what forgiveness is NOT?
Excusing the event, forgetting the event, necessarily reconciling, abandoning a quest for justice.
Explain the argument that moral identity may contribute to greater emotional well-being by "enabling autonomy".
The pursuit of moral values is not dependent on external validation and can be pursued in some way at any moment and time.
Explain how immediate parental responsiveness provides child with an early sense of autonomy?
When signaling distress leads to "automatic" supportive environmental responses, the child is in control and can decide when to request support.
What concept emerged as a buffering factor in links between highly pronounced binding foundations and being less likely to come to the aid of outgroups?
High Moral Identity
Which type of aggression is more likely to result from an inflated Belief of Vulnerability
Reactive Aggression
Why is having a growth mindset important for practicing intellectual humility?
With a fixed mindset we will be more hesitant to acknowledge limitations and mistakes as we will see less opportunity for improvement and growth.