Unit 1: Time and Dating
WHAT DOES B.C STAND FOR?
BEFORE CHRIST
What is cultural diffusion?
the spread of cultural beliefs, practices, and ideas from one group to another.
What are Transoceanic Interconnections?
Transoceanic Interconnections refer to the global connections and interactions established between continents
What is a sea-based empire?
A sea-based empire is an empire that builds and extends its power mainly through naval dominance, focusing on controlling trade routes, ports, and colonies across the oceans.
Who were the Mesoamericans?
Mesoamericans were indigenous people living in the region that includes present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and parts of Honduras and El Salvador
WHAT ARE THE YEARS OF THE 19TH CENTURY?
1800 - 1900
What are the main types of cultural diffusion?
The main types are expansion diffusion, relocation diffusion, hierarchical diffusion, and contagious diffusion.
Why are Transoceanic Interconnections significant in history?
They transformed economies, cultures, and societies worldwide by enabling the exchange of goods, people, ideas, and even diseases.
Which empires were known as sea-based empires?
Notable sea-based empires include the Portuguese, Spanish, British, and Dutch empires, which dominated trade and colonial regions across Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
What was the main feature of Mesoamerican cities?
Mesoamerican cities were known for their impressive architecture, especially large pyramids, temples, and plazas used for religious and ceremonial purposes.
HOW MANY YEARS IS A CENTURY?
100 YEARS
What is expansion diffusion?
Expansion diffusion happens when an idea or practice spreads outward from its origin but remains strong in its original location.
What was the role of the Atlantic Ocean in Transoceanic Interconnections?
The Atlantic Ocean was key for the triangular trade system connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, which led to the spread of crops, goods, and also the tragic transatlantic slave trade.
Why were sea-based empires important?
They facilitated global trade, spread cultural and technological exchanges
What did Mesoamericans contribute to mathematics and science?
the use of a base-20 number system and a complex calendar system that could track both the solar year and ceremonial cycles.
WHAT DOES B.C.E MEAN
BEFORE COMMON ERA
Can you give an example of relocation diffusion?
Yes, relocation diffusion occurs when people move to new places and bring their culture with them, like when immigrants bring their food traditions to a new country.
ISLAM
JUDAISM
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world after Columbus’s arrival in 1492.
What kind of goods did these empires trade?
They traded spices, precious metals, silk, tea, sugar, and tobacco, which were highly valuable and in demand across Europe, Asia, and the Americas.
What were some key crops cultivated by Mesoamericans?
Corn, beans, squash, and chili peppers were staple crops.
HOW LONG IS A MILLENNIUM?
1,000 years
What is hierarchical diffusion?
Hierarchical diffusion is when cultural ideas spread from larger, influential places or people (like cities or leaders) to smaller or less influential ones.
How did Transoceanic Interconnections affect indigenous populations?
Indigenous populations faced severe consequences, including exposure to European diseases like smallpox, which decimated populations, as well as social and cultural upheavals from European colonization.
How did sea-based empires maintain control over their territories?
They maintained control through powerful navies, fortified ports, and alliances with local rulers, enabling them to secure key trade routes and protect their colonies.
How did Mesoamericans practice religion?
Mesoamericans practiced polytheism, worshipping multiple gods related to nature, agriculture, and celestial bodies.