Chp. 14
What is a gene?
Segment of DNA that contains instructions for producing RNA and proteins.
What is DNA replication?
Genomes DNA is copied in cells
What are transcription and translation? Where do they take place?
Transcription happens in the nucleus and it goes from DNA to mRNA. Translation happens in the ribosome and it goes from mRNA to Protein.
What does PCR stand for?
Polymerase Chain Reaction
What is the law of segregation?
During the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a gene separate so each gamete carries one allele for each trait.
What are the bases that make up DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What is RNA Polymerase?
It makes RNA
What is the definition of PCR?
A laboratory technique for rapidly producing millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA.
Why did all the F1 offspring of Mendel‘s classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties?
One allele was dominant
What is the replication fork?
Very active area where DNA replication takes place
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5’-AGT-3’. What would be the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed?
3’-UCA-5’
Mendel continued some of his experiments into the F2 or F3 generation in order to _________
Observe whether or not a recessive trait would appear
What is meant by the description “antiparallel” regarding the two strands that make up the DNA double helix?
The 5’ to 3’ direction of one strand runs counter to the 5’ to 3’ direction of the other strand.
The genetic code is redundant. What is meant by this statement?
More than one codon can specify the addiction of the same amino acid.
What is the correct way to describe the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?
A dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters that are being studied, and a monohybrid cross involves or agonists that are heterozygous for only one character being studied.
What are Okazaki fragments? Where do they form?
Short segments of DNA that are formed on the lagging strand during DNA replication
Which of the following processes occurs in eukaryotic gene expression?
A cap is added to the 5’ end of the mRNA.