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Ocean Floor
Waves and Tides
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Ocean Currents
Key Terms
100
List the three parts of the continental Margin
What is the continental shelf, slope and rise?
100
Explain the breaking of waves
What is when energy causes waves to be pushed upwards until they cannot hold themselves up and gradually fall over or break
100
Sonar measures this
What are sound waves?
100
List the two main things ocean currents move
What are nutrients and heat?
100
Define Oceanography
What is the scientific study of the oceans through geology, chemistry, biology, and physics?
200
List the three ways to map and chart the ocean floor
What are Sonar, Submersibles, and Satellites?
200
Explain wave motion, the direction of energy, and the types of waves. (For the last one, think sand dunes)
What is when waves carry energy that moves toward the land with waves moving longitudinal and sometimes transverse
200
These four things are mined from the continental shelf
What are oil, natural gases, gravel and sand deposits?
200
Define and explain the effects of the Coriolis Effect
What is when the Earth's rotation causing water and air to turn or circulate?
200
the large circulating current systems on the oceans
What are Gyres?
300
Describe Deep- Ocean Trenches and give an example and it's lowest point
What is a large ditch at a convergant boundary? Examples: Mariana's Trench and the Challenger Deep
300
Caused by gravity tugging from the moon and sun creating these twice a day
What is Tides?
300
Two things that cause change in water density are...
What is increase in salinity or decrease in temperature?
300
Explain how the ocean currents act like a conveyor belt
Nutrients and Heat circulate through the oceans. This is caused by surface winds, causing density currents, circulating to deep ocean currents then rising back uo through upwelling.
300
Define Bathymetry
What is the charting and mapping of the ocean floor's topography and depths?
400
Explain Mid-Ocean Ridges and what occurs at them
What is where divergent oceanic boundaries that cause sea floor spreading?
400
Explain the difference in Spring Tides and Neap Tides
Spring Tides are caused by the alignment of the sun and moon creating more force and a higher Tidal Range. Wheras Neap Tides are caused by the sun and moon creating a 90 degree angle and a lower Tidal Range.
400
What are Barrier Islands? Give an example
What are narrow sandbars that are seperated and parellel to the coast. Example: Outer Banks
400
Explain Prevailing Winds and what they cause and give an example
Winds coming from the west that run across the coastline changing coastal temperatures and weather. Example: Gulf Stream
400
Explain the process of upwelling
When offshore winds cause surface waves to move making cold water rise fom below bringing a higher concentration of dissolved nutrients with it?
500
Describe how hydrothermal vents work and what is something that happens because of this
When water seeps in them and begin to heat up because of magma below causing it to burst out spreading minerals
500
Define and explain the position of swash, backwash, and the surf zone.
Swash- the left over water still moving up the beach Backwash- the remains moving back out to sea Surf Zone- where waves begin breaking The swash and backwash are on the edges of the beach and the surf zone depends on the breaking point
500
This man was the first to use a submersible
Who is William Beebe
500
Define a Gyre and list the five gyres
What is a cirrculating current system? And the North Pacific, South Pacific, North Atlantic, South Atlantic and Indian
500
Define the three types of seafloor sediment and explain how they form.
Terrigenous- any type of conitinental rock or soil that weathered and eroded into the ocean. Biogenous- any type of sediment from the remains of life (shells, skeletons, plants etc.) Hydrogenous- Crystillized directly in water from multiple chemical reactions