Protestant Revolt - People
Who was the monk who is known for famously posting 95 theses (protesting practices in the church) and 'beginning' the Protestant revolt?
Martin Luther
What king, who was once awarded for defending the church, later declared himself the 'Head of the Church' in England and broke away from the Catholic Church?
King Henry VIII
What was the name of the Council where the pope and bishops met to discuss doctrines that needed to be defined and practices reformed in a response to people leaving?
Council of Trent
In Elizabethan England, plays became very important. Who was the most popular playwright (and considered one of the greatest writers of all time)?
Hint: He wrote plays like 'The Tempest' and 'Romeo and Juliet'
William Shakespeare
Hernan Cortes conquered what land (or people) in the New World?
The Aztecs or Mexico
What nation (England, Germany, France, Italy, or Spain) did the movement of the Protestant Revolt 'begin'?
Germany
What was the main reason King Henry VIII declared himself 'Head of the Church' and broke away from the Catholic Church's authority?
He wanted the pope to grant him an annulment so he could get married again, in an attempt to have a son.
What religious order was started during the Counter-Reformation by St. Ignatius of Loyola, taking a 4th vow to serve the pope? This order spread throughout the world and helped stop or reverse people leaving the Catholic Church
Jesuits
What were the two main reasons people in the West were traveling to the East more frequently now?
1. Trading
2. Missions (to bring the faith to people)
Besides searching for gold and making money in trading/agriculture, why did the Spanish think they were doing a good thing by starting 'New Spain' in the land previously inhabited by pagan peoples?
How would you answer this question: "What was the Protestant Revolt'?
A movement of several reformers who protested certain practices (and eventually doctrinal teachings), who started their own movements preaching heresies and advocating for disobeying the church.
After King Henry VIII's Protestant son, Edward, ruled as king for several years, he died as a teenager. Who inherited the throne at his death?
Was this new monarch catholic or protestant?
Queen Mary - She was Catholic and attempted to re-establish Catholicism in England
What was the book that the bishops/pope compiled and published during the Council?
What was the purpose of the book (logic)?
Catechism of Trent
*Purpose was to help clearly define doctrines and educate priests so that they could then better teach the lay people.
The famous Battle of Lepanto, fought by the Holy League, organized by the pope and led by Don Juan of Austria, defeated the Ottoman Turks (preventing them from entering further into Europe for good). What feast did the pope institute in thanksgiving for winning this battle?
Our Lady of Victory (or the Rosary)
Francisco Pizzaro conquered what land (or people) out of a desire to obtain their large amounts of gold?
Peru (Inca)
Who was the French lawyer who had to flee France due to teaching heresies and writing his own book of teachings called, "The Institute of Religion"? He took over the government of Geneva, Switzerland and enforced his doctrines on the people of that city.
John Calvin
Which Protestant daughter of Henry VIII eventually inherited the throne of England? Hint: She never married and she persecuted Catholics in the country.
Elizabeth I
Many great saints and new religious orders began during the Counter-Reformation. Name at least 2 religious orders that began during this time.
Jesuits
Discalced Carmelites
Ursulines
Oratorians
What saint, who was one of the first Jesuits, became a famous missionary - traveling to India, Japan, and (almost) China?
St. Francis Xaiver
In Europe, millions of people left the Catholic Church due to Protestant heresies. However, through the intercession of the Blessed Mother, millions of people came into the church in the West (new lands). What event in the New World brought millions of people into the Church?
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Name at least 1 (grammar) / 2 (logic) reasons that helped lead to the Protestant Revolt.
1. Scandals in the Papacy: Loss of trust in the church
2. Lax clergy: People fed up with corrupt priests and practices (like selling indulgences, etc.)
3. Nationalism: Growing loyalty to people's nations over loyalty to the church
How did the Spanish Philip II attempt to conquer England in order to stop Elizabeth I of persecuting Catholics and continuing to spread Protestant heresies?
Was he successful?
He attempted to attack England with the Spanish Armada.
The Spanish Armada failed
When we talk about the 'Counter-Reformation' in the Church, what are we referring to?
The overall movement by popes, religious order, saints, and lay people to reform (improve) the Church, in an effort to prevent people from leaving it.
Why were there religious wars in France? Which religious group were the Catholic monarchs of France trying to stop growing?
Calvinists (Hugenots)
Bartolomo de Las Casas was a Dominican priest who wrote and preached about the abuses of the encomienda system and that it should be ended. What was this system? Why did he say it should be ended?
He preached against it because many Spanish were not caring for the Indians and abusing them.