Atomic Structure
what's contained inside the Nucleus of an atom?
Protons and Neutrons
True or False
Alkali Metals and Noble Gasses often form bonds.
False.
Alkali Metals and Halogens often form bonds.
Because they have 7 valence electrons that really want one more electron to have a full and stable valence shell.
What is a valence shell?
the outer most energy shell
Who is credited with creating the first periodic table leaving gaps for unknown elements?
Dmitri Mendeleev
How many electrons can fit in the first and second energy shells?
First shell 2
Second shell 8
Why are noble gasses typically unreactive?
Noble gases are stable (unreactive) because they have full valence shells
•Their atoms do not tend to gain, lose, or share electrons
Draw the Bohr model of Lithium?
2 energy shells
3 electrons
1 valence electron
Chemistry symbol in center
What is a compound molecule?
Name one heavy metal
Mercury, Lead, Cadmium
What is the electric charge of a proton, neutron and an electron?
Proton = Positive
Neutron = Neutral
Electron = Negative
How many occupied energy shells do atoms have that belong to Period 1, 2, and 3 respectively
Period 1: 1 energy shells
Period 2: 2 energy shells
Period 3: 3 energy shells
Which element does this Bohr Model represent?
3 Energy levels
3rd energy level has 2 valence electrons.
Magnesium or Mg
What is the periodic law?
A description stating that elements arranged in order of their atomic numbers show a periodic repetition of properties.
Name 3 elements that exist as diatomic elements in nature.
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Where is most of the mass of an atom held?
In the Nucleus
Groups 13, 14, 18 have how many valence electrons respectively?
Group 13: 3
Group 14: 4
Group 18: 8 (exception Helium only has 2)
How many electrons does oxygen have? How many of them are valence electrons?
8
6
What is another name for Chemical Family?
Group.
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons and electrons of a neutral atom of an element.
What is the difference between atomic mass and mass number?
atomic mass is the average mass of all isotopes of an element
mass number is the mass of one particular atom of an element
What element groups are the most reactive and why?
group 1 and 17
because they are just 1 electron gained or lost away from a full valence shell
How many energy levels would Cesium have based on its position in the periodic table? Explain
6 because it is in the 6th period, or row, of the periodic table.
Describe what an Ion is ?
what 2 types are there?
Ions occur when a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes an ion
•Loses an electron: becomes positively charged ion
•Gains an electron: becomes a negatively charged ion
An unknown element is known to be reactive with water and air, have a low melting point, and conduct electricity and heat. What group does this element belong to?
Alkali metals.