Thinkers
Developed the idea of Duty Ethics
Who was Immanuel Kant?
States that character matters above all else.
What is Virtue Ethics?
This word means the best possible
What is optimific?
When you treat her with the respect she deserves, you treat her as a/n this
What is an end-in-herself?
He discussed speciesism
Who is Peter Singer?
Developed the oldest ethical theory we studied
Who was Aristotle?
Holds that the amount of happiness and suffering created by a person’s actions is what really matters
What is Utilitarianism?
If you are in this, you are owed a certain amount of respect
What is the moral community?
the view that humans, by virtue of their species membership are more morally important than non-human animals.
What is speciesism?
These humans are those whose mental lives are no more developed than those of non-human animals.
Who are "marginal" cases?
Said a good life means maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain
Who was JS Mill?
Emphasizes the principles behind actions rather than an action’s results.
What is Duty Ethics?
This means limiting the liberty of others for their own good.
What is paternalism?
This means the ability to decide which principles will govern your life
What is autonomy?
A contractarian says you can violate the social contract when this happens
The other contractors violate it.
Said the state of nature would be solitary, nasty, brutal and short.
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
Proposes thinking about ethics in terms of agreements between people.
What is Social Contract Theory?
In this kind of dilemma, a good person's life will be ruined, no matter what she does.
What is tragic?
Murderers deserve to die, and we should give people what they deserve. This is an example of this theory
What is retributivist?
In all 50 states you can be fired if you're transgender and you work for this
What is a religious corporation?
“The question is not, "Can they reason?" nor, "Can they talk?" but "Can they suffer?”
Who was Jeremy Bentham?
In Duty Ethics, these agents are in the moral community.
Who are rational and autonomous beings?
According to Aristotle, people seek this above all else
What is eudaimonia?
What is sentient?
This concept says the more resources we have, the less impact resources have on us.
What is The Diminishing Marginal Utility of Wealth?