Lecture 3
What are the ancient civilizations that engaged in oceans explorations?
What is Egyptians & the City of Thera, Minoans Civilizations, Bronze age (1400 B.C.)
What are the four basic layers of the Earth?
What is Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core?
Where is most of Earth’s internal heat released?
Mid-Ocean Ridges.
This 1912 maritime disaster motivated major advances in seafloor mapping and sonar technology.
What is Titanic Sinking?
Trenches are found at (active / passive) continental margins?
What is Active Continental Margins
What was significant about the Library of Alexandria in the development of marine science?
Held scrolls that had the first maps of the world therefore making it easier to explore.
What are the four most abundant elements composing Earth?
What is Iron, Oxygen, Silicone, Magnesium?
Approximately, how fast do plates move?
What is Slowly; 1-10 cm per year
This technique determines ocean depth by sending sound waves to the seafloor and measuring how long the echo takes to return.
What is echo sounding?
What is A black smoker?
What is Hydrothermal Vents
What are some of those major technological advances made by the Chinese during the Middle Age?
What is Compass, Central Rudder and Compartmentalized Holes.
What is the "Goldilocks Zone"?
Everything is just right for maintaining liquid water, not too hot/ not too cold.
Where on Earth is new sea floor generated? Where is it destroyed?
WHat is ,It is generated at Mid-Ocean ridges and destroyed at Subduction zones.
Sound waves used in sonar systems typically operate at frequencies above the range of human hearing, known as this.
What is ultrasonic frequency?
What are those chains of volcanic islands called that form around subduction zones?
What is Island Arcs
Which Greek natural philosopher determined the circumference of the Earth in ~270 B.C.?
What is Eratosthenes?
How does the composition of planets within the ice line differ from that of planets outside the ice line?
The inner planets are rocky which is a higher melting point. The Outside planets are colder and gasses freeze.
4 lines of evidence that Alfred Wegner supplied to argue for continental drift.
What is Matching Coastlines, Matching geological units, Glaciation and Fossils.
This region marks the transition from the shallow continental shelf to the deep ocean basin and has a much steeper gradient.
What is the continental slope?
What is the smoke from the black smokers made of?
What is the water is really hot with the black smoke which is made up of iron and other metals? (precipitative mineral particles).
What are some of Capt. James Cooke's major contributions to ocean exploration? Name one.
1. The H.M.S Edeavour voyage charted and mapped New Zealand and the Great Barrier Reef.
2. 2nd voyage took him into Arctic Circle, Tahiti and Easter Islands.
3. Landed in Hawaii but was later killed by Hawiians.
Extra 100 : name one more
What are two different hypotheses for the origins of Earth’s water?
What is volcanic outgassing and comet collision
Extra 100- What is the difference between comets and metorites
What is the difference between an active and passive margin?
Passive-no natural disasters (no active plate tectonics) active- earthquakes (active plate tectonics).
Extra 100- Give a real life example of both
This specific term describes the point where the continental shelf ends and the continental slope begins.
What is the continental break?
Draw and label a diagram below of a passive continental margin showing a continental shelf,
the water level, the shelf break, slope, rise and the abyssal plain below. In the diagram, show
layers of sediment and also label where there is continental crust vs. ocean crust.
depends on drawing
Extra 100- What sediment do we find in the abyssal plains?