Critical Interventions/Deadly Bleeding
What is the initial treatment for severe bleeding?
Direct pressure with the acronym RED
Rest - tell casualty to don't move
Elevate - raise injured area to heart level if possible
Direct pressure - apply direct pressure on injured area
What are the 4 types of burns and describe how you would treat it.
Heat (thermal) burns - rinse in cool water for 10-15 mins
Chemical burns - if powder, wipe away and rinse in cool water for 15-20 mins and cover with dressing, if liquid, rinse in cool water for 15-20 mins and cover with dressing
Electrical burns - locate entry and exit wound, cover burns with clean dressing
Radiation burns - treat as heat burn, rinse with cool water or cover with wet towel
What are the two types of frostbite?
Deep and superficial
What is a minor wound?
Damage to soft tissues of skin, some bleeding
What are the two types of diabetes?
Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
What is the ratio of compressions to breaths in CPR?
30:2
Describe the signs and symptoms and explain how you would treat heat exhaustion.
Signs and symptoms
- excessive sweating, headache, dilated pupils, dizziness
Treatment
- move casualty to cool place, remove tight clothing, give water or electrolytes
What are the three types of hypothermia from most severe to least severe.
Severe, moderate, mild
What are the two types of wounds?
Open and closed
Define diabetes.
What are the two types of bleeds? Define it with characteristics.
Venous - trickles down slowly, dark red in color
Arterial - squirts with every heartbeat, bright red in color
Name and describe the 3 types of burns based on severity.
Superficial - top layer damaged, pink/red color, slight swelling, some pain
Partial thickness - top two layers damaged, skin raw, moist ranges in color from white to cherry red, blisters present, painful
Full thickness - layers of skin/tissues damaged, skin pearly-white to tan to black, dry/leathery, may see bones, no pain
Fatigue, slow pulse/breathing, confusion, pale/cold/blue skin, some shivering
What is the acronym that is used to identify infections.
SHARP
S - swollen
H - heat
A - aches
R - red
P - pus
What would the skin condition be for a hypoglycemic casualty?
Warm, dry, flush
Explain in steps, how would you treat someone who is choking.
Tell them to keep coughing, when they start wheezing, perform 5 abdominal thrust and 5 back blows
What are some precautions to take when dealing with burns?
- Do not breathe on it
- Do not break blisters
- Do not remove clothing if stuck
- Do not apply lotions or other ointments
- Do not cover burn with cotton wool/fluffy material
- Do not apply adhesive dressing
How does the body lose heat?
Radiation
Breathing
Evaporation
Conduction
Convection
Explain and describe the 6 types of wounds.
Contusions - bleeding under skin
Abrasions - scrapes
Incisions - clean cut
Lacerations - tears in skin
Punctures - could be embedded objects
Avulsions/amputations - partial/full loss of tissue/extremity
What is the acronym when giving medications?
TRAMP
Define critical interventions and give an example.
Anything that interferes with ABC's
Example: deadly bleeding
Explain in detail how you would treat heat stroke.
Signs and symptoms
- high body temp, rapid pulse, headache, fatigue, vomiting, convulsions, noisy breathing, hot/dry/flushed skin
Treatment
- move casualty to cool area
- immerse casualty into cool water up to chin
- if submerging into water isn't possible, cover with wet towels and fan the sheets to increase cooling
- repeat until casualty is cool to the touch
- cover casualty with dry sheet
- place casualty in recovery position
Describe frozen state and how you would treat it.
Frozen state - when the temperature is below zero
Signs and symptoms - joints of jaw and neck rigid, entire body moves as solid unit
Treatment - do not attempt first aid, transport to medical ASAP
Give an example of each of the following wounds.
1. Contusions
2. Abrasions
3. Incisions
4. Lacerations
5. Puncture
6. Avulsions
1. ran into pole
2. falling
3. cut from knife
4. glass
5. needles
6. torn body part
What does TRAMP stand for?
Time - When should the medication be taken?
Route - How is the medication taken?
Amount - How much should be taken?
Medication - Is this the right medication?
Person - Is this the right person to give the medication?