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What is the site of force production in the muscle?
crossbridges
What is a single electrical signal, single “burst” of calcium release?
Twitch
Optimal tension in the muscle equals
optimal overlap
What are the 3 contraction types?
Isotonic, isometric, isokinetic
Which muscle fiber type would be used for running a marathon?
Type I slow twitch
More crossbridges =
More or increased force production
What is adding together signals to increase cytoplasmic calcium concentration?
summation
What happens if the sarcomere is stretched too far and there is decreased overlap?
Fewer crossbridges = less force
What are the 3 muscle fiber types?
Type I slow twitch
Type IIA fast twitch, fast oxidative
Type IIB fast twitch, fast glycolytic
Which muscle fiber types can be trained to switch types?
Type IIA & Type IIB
What are the 2 methods of force production?
Summation & Recruitment
What is high frequency, continuous calcium release?
Tetanus
What happens if the sarcomere is compressed?
Thin filaments have to slide past the M line
Some force is lost to friction
What is the oxidative capacity of each muscle type?
Type I : high
Type IIA: high
Type IIB: low
Gains in strength precede muscle growth (hypertrophy). True or false
True
Muscles fibers are recruited in groups called
motor neurons
Short, weak contraction
What does the length of the sarcomere determine?
How many crossbridges can form
What is the level of resistance for each muscle type?
Type I: high
Type IIA: intermediate
Type IIB:low
Neural adaptations in training result in?
Improved coordination
Better summation
Better recruitment
What happens when more calcium binds to troponin?
More crossbridges formed
Sustained, strong contraction
tetanus
Frequency of neural activation determines how much Ca2+ is released impacting?
how many crossbridges can continuously cycle
Capillary density for each muscle type
Type IIA:intermediate
Type IIB: Low
If muscle proteins increases the demand for ATP, where do more ATP need to be produced?
Mitochondria