Newborn Complication
What are the most common causes of neonatal sepsis?
What are GBS, E. Coli, and Herpes?
1. Name 6 s/s of cold stress
2. Name some differences in thermoregulation between a term infant and premature infant.
1. Low temperature, Hypoglycemia, Metabolic acidosis d/t metabolism of brown fat for energy, Poor respirations, Lethargy, Respiratory distress
(monitor temperature every 15 mins for a cold stressed baby)
2. The premature infant has less subcutaneous fat than the term infant and loses heat faster.
at day 1 of life a newborn can consume large amounts up to 2 ounces of milk.
True or false
False
Newborns have a small stomach capacity especially early on
Nurses should always wear gloves when handling infants born with HIV until the first bath true or false?
True
How can we provide family centered care to the parents when their baby is in the NICU?
Allowing the parents to provide care such as bathing and feedings if the infant is stable. Encouraging them to touch their baby.
what is the name of the neonatal data tool used to determine neonatal abstinence syndrome
Neonatal abstinence scoring system
How can the nurse support the mom in her breastfeeding efforts.
Encouraging rooming-in during the hospital stay
What is the reason the nurse should educate the parents about not diluting the formula?
Diluting formula with water can lead to malnutrition due to a lack of calories; as well as, fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Transient tachypnea (TTN) develops more often in newborn who is born by (TTN develop)?
What should you tell the parents about TTN?
by cesarean section
infant does not get the chest squeeze.
It usually resolves on its own in 3-5 days.
A baby that is born with meconium aspiration may exhibit what symptoms?
•↓ O2 Saturation
•Greenish yellow staining of the skin, nail beds, or umbilical cord
Other respiratory symptoms similar to respiratory distress syndrome
What are breastfeeding contraindications
galactosemia, illicit drug use, HIV, active TB, chemotherapy treatment?
What education should the nurse give the family when they are feeding the baby?
Burp the baby halfway through the feeding
Feed the baby until he stops sucking
Hold the bottle upright to fill the nipple
Do not prop the bottle
Follow mixing instructions for formula
Never heat bottle in the microwave
Never dilute the formula
Why should the nurse use a heel warmer before performing a heel stick on an infant?
Applying heat to the heel will promote circulation and increase blood flow to make drawing blood easier.
the most common causes of neonatal sepsis are?
Group B streptococcus (GBS), Escherichia coli, and Herpes.
An infant who has failure to thrive may warrant further assessment. How can this be done?
A home care nurse may visit the child's home to observe how the child eats in order to teach the child's parent about any barriers or techniques to improve nutrition.
A premature infant may have a thin umbilical cord or have had placental abnormality? True or false
True
Placenta or umbilical cord abnormalities are common findings of the premature infant.
Name s/s of hypoglycemia in the newborn
Jitteriness or tremors
Lethargy or irritability
Hypotonia
Weak or high-pitched cry
Apnea
Hypothermia
Poor feeding
2 potential complications associated with LGA infant include:
hypoglycemia and a fractured clavicle
What are the 3 stages of breast milk
•Stage 1: Colostrum
•Stage 2: Transitional milk
•Stage 3: Mature milk
What is an indicator of cardiovascular or respiratory problems and should be reported immediately to the provider?
Cyanosis
Infants born to diabetic mothers are at risk for what?
macrosomia
Hypoglycemia
S/S of an infant with neonatal abstinence withdrawal syndrome
tremors, tachypnea, nasal flaring, apnea, retractions, high pitch continuous cry, and frequent yawning, sneezing, mottling of the skin.excessive sucking, vomiting, and fevers.
What are some signs the newborn is ready to eat?
The rooting reflex
hand-to-mouth movements
tongue movements
S/S of an infant with withdrawal symptoms
shrill, high-pitched cry; persistent fever; frequent yawning; and frequent sneezing. Rather than adequate rooting and sucking, these actions will be frantic in a neonate with abstinence syndrome. In addition, these neonates will have hypertonic muscle tone
Name 3 s/s of sepsis
hypothermia, resp distress, Tachypnea
Name some signs and symptoms of respiratory distress:
dyspnea, grunting, and nasal flaring, and intercostal retractions
Name advantageous of breastfeeding
•Provides exact nutrients
•Immunological protection
•Convenient and economical
•Promotes close physical contact
•Low risk of developing premenopausal breast and ovarian cancer
What is the first priority of care to allow for oxygenation.
Clearing the infants airway.
A baby born to a diabetic mother will potentially have macrosomia or microsomia?
And what is the meaning of the correct answer?
Macrosomia= LGA or weighing greater than 4000g at birth
Why is a baby born via c-section at risk for respiratory distress?
Because they did not get the chest squeeze
What education should the nurse give the mom about getting the infant to latch correctly at the breast.
Brush the nipple across the baby's lips.
Place hand in C position around breast.
Thumb is on top and fingers are underneath the breast.
Getting baby to open mouth wide before drawing them into the breast.
Which complication should the nurse monitor for when providing care to a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) newborn?
Fractured clavicle
Name risk factors for ROP (retinopathy of prematurity)
Risk factors for ROP include birth at or less than 28 weeks' gestation, long-term use of oxygen, and a birth weight of less than 1250 g.
S/S of necrotizing enterocolitis
Absent bowel sounds, hypothermic, increased abdominal girth, blue hue to the abdomen.
How do you know a newborn is getting enough breastmilk?
they are having 6-8 wet diapers a day and two to three yellow stools by the fifth day after birth.
What tool is used to assess infants born chemically exposed?
Neonatal abstinence scoring system
Name s/s of neonatal abstinence withdrawals
Tremors, High-pitched cry, Nasal congestion, sneezing, Hyperthermia, Tachycardia, Poor feeding, Regurgitation, and loose stools, and increased tone.
Name 3 interventions the nurse should perform with an infant who has hypoglycemia?
Carefully managing the newborn's temperature.
Monitoring blood glucose after feedings.
Encouraging frequent feedings
How much weight do babies usually lose after birth?
Babies often lose between 5% and 10% of their birth weight. A loss greater than 10% is considered pathological.
Besides hypoglycemia and fracture clavicle what else are infants that are born Large for gestational age (LGA) at risk for?
Large for gestation infants or those who are born breech are at risk for brachial plexus injuries. This will be evidenced by Limited movement, abnormal muscle contractions, and absent Moro reflex on one side of the body, Affected hand claw-like appearance