Age of Contact
These were the first Europeans to explore Texas.
Who were the Spanish?
These religious settlements were built to convert Native Americans.
What were missions?
In 1821, Mexico gained independence from this country.
What is Spain?
This 1835 event is considered the first battle of the Texas Revolution and featured the message “Come and Take It.”
What is the Battle of Gonzales?
After winning independence, Texas became this type of country.
What is a republic?
This Spanish explorer is known for mapping the Texas coast in 1519.
Who was Alonso Álvarez de Pineda?
Spanish soldiers lived and worked in these military forts.
What were presidios?
These land agents were hired by the Spanish, and later Mexican government, to bring settlers to Texas.
Who were the empresarios?
This 1836 battle became a symbol of sacrifice for Texas.
What is the Battle of the Alamo?
This man was the first elected president of the Republic of Texas.
Who was Sam Houston?
This Native American group lived along the Texas coast and was among the first to encounter European explorers.
Who were the Karankawa?
This city, founded in 1718 around a mission and presidio, became the center of Spanish Texas.
What is San Antonio de Béxar?
This person is known as the “Father of Texas.”
Who was Stephen F. Austin?
This 1835 meeting of Texian leaders debated whether to seek independence or remain loyal to Mexico under the Constitution of 1824.
What was the Consultation?
One major problem the Republic of Texas faced was a large amount of this.
What is debt?
This French explorer attempted to establish a settlement in Texas in the 1680s, increasing European competition in the region.
Who was René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle?
People of Mexican heritage who lived in Texas during Spanish rule were later called this.
Who were Tejanos?
One major condition settlers had to agree to when moving to Mexican Texas was to follow this religion.
What is Catholicism?
This final battle of the Texas Revolution resulted in a Texas victory and the capture of Santa Anna.
What is the Battle of San Jacinto?
This president of the Republic of Texas favored expansion, a strong military, and the removal of Native Americans.
Who was Mirabeau Lamar?
This early Spanish explorer led an expedition that struggled across Texas and later wrote about Native American life.
Who was Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca?
These powerful Native American groups used horses to dominate the Plains and frequently conflicted with Spanish missions and settlements.
Who were the Apache and Comanche?
This political conflict in Mexico between __________ and __________ increased tensions in Texas and helped lead to revolution.
What is federalism vs. centralism?
This agreement ended the fighting after San Jacinto, though Mexico later disputed it.
What are the Treaties of Velasco?
Texas officially joined the United States in this year.
What is 1845?