1
In what was widely considered a retaliatory measure, two Canadians were subsequently detained in China.
fight back
The Huawei case is broadly indicative of the cooling broader bilateral relations between Western countries and China.
showing
indicate=show
Ren, with only CNY3,000 to his name, pooled capital with a group of initial investors to meet this threshold.
minimum requirements
Huawei operates across four broad domains: telecom networks, IT, smart devices, and cloud services
areas\field
Bilateral partnerships, agreements, and arrangements, including shared defence production, have led to widespread integration between the two countries
双边的, 双方的
However, a subsequent Reuters article, published on July 15, 2019 that cites “three well-placed sources” stated that the decision would be postponed until after the election
next
Meng Wanzhou, the Chief Financial Officer of Huawei, was arrested in Vancouver in December 2018, triggering a diplomatic crisis between Canada and China.
to trigger=to start something negative
This shifted Huawei away from foreign reliance and diverged from the conventional industry strategy of pursuing international joint-ventures (IJVs) with foreign firms,
to diverge = move apart
分歧\偏离
It has grown rapidly to pass Apple Inc. over the second fiscal quarter
连续3个月=一个财季（123\456\789\10-12)
However, developing countries, who tend to view Huawei as a cost-effective provider of quality telecommunications products, do not always share these concerns.
usually\倾向
Further, they argue that the Canadian government should adopt a more cautious approach to relations with China in general
careful, caution
Chinese officials have condemned the arrest as arbitrary and called on Canada to release Ms. Meng.
doesn't make sense\for no good reason
随意的, 主观的
Huawei experienced meteoric growth within the domestic Chinese market,
very fast\quickly
Huawei Carrier provides solutions, products, and services in the realm of telecommunications network technology
area\领域
Because of recent controversies surrounding Huawei and the detention of Canadian citizens in China,
different opinions
争论；论战；辩论
In contrast, Chinese officials suggest that the national security concerns have been overblown and that American restrictions on Huawei products are unduly punitive.
夸大的\夸张的 exaggerate
Huawei is a threat to national security and/or working in tandem with the Chinese state
together with...at the same time
同…合作/串联
Huawei became a supplier for Vodafone, another British multinational telecommunications conglomerate.
联合大企业，企业集团
The company’s product line has evolved to include an array of modern products and services,
many of...(products\service)
This paper does not attempt to generate policy recommendations, but rather to provide context and perspective to the issue at hand.
is happening\即将到来
Huawei’s revenue steadily increased throughout the 1990s
income
revenue driving product=the product make money
Canada will undoubtedly face ongoing political and economic ramifications from both Washington and Beijing.
negative effects
结果，后果
Both sides, having signed a letter of intent and submitted the requisite paperwork, were awaiting final approval before it was quashed by Motorola’s incoming Chairman
suddenly stop
废除，撤销
Although slightly outpaced by rival Nokia, Huawei has secured roughly forty commercial 5G contracts globally as of April 2019.
to be faster
X outpaced Y=X比Y快
X was outpaced by Y=Y比X快
Similar to other Western countries, this connection has raised national security concerns and has prompted debate over whether Huawei should be permitted to take part in Canada’s 5G network development.
promptly=quickly
prompt=敏捷的，迅速的；立刻的