cell patho
3 types of cells
Liable - can change. Constant turnover
Stable - can change. Not constant
permanent - do not change
4 types of tissue?
muscle, connective, nervous, epithelial
Myopathic or Neuropathic often involve proximal muscle groups.
Myopathic
which type of cell death is intrinsically motivated?
Apoptosis
Outcomes of injury depend on what? (4)
1. type of injury
2. severity
3. duration
4. type cell injured
what makes up the basement membrane?
basal lamina and extracellular matrix
is DMD a sex linked disorder?
Which sex does it mostly affect?
yes
men
is this pathological or physiological...
The brain size decreasing due to aging.
physiological
1. Coagulative- forms in all tissues. Mostly organs like the heart, spleen and kidney
2. Liquefactive-Commonly seen in the brain
3. Caseous- Seen with TB
4. Fat- lipases break down fat. Pancreatic cells
5. Gangrenous- Dry, Wet, Gas
type of cartilage that is seen on long bones that help with articulation?
hyaline cartilage
Serum creatine kinase is an indication of?
Arthritis
Mystrophy
Myopathy
Neuropathy
Myopathy
When muscle cells are damaged, CK leaks into the bloodstream, so elevated CK levels are a common marker of muscle injury.
Therefore, high CK levels indicate muscle pathology — aka myopathy.
which type of necrosis...
Occurs in distal limbs with a clear line of demarcation
Dry gangrene
what causes transudate?
increase in hydrostatic pressure (push) and a decrease in osmotic pressure (pull)
which metabolic system is used during 10sec - 3mins?
How much ATP is used and how much do you get out?
glycolysis
2 in and 4 out
Type 1 fiber types
what are the 5 steps of Extravasation?
1. Margination
2. Rolling
3. Adhesion
4. Diapedesis
5. Chemotaxis
what chemical is responsible for opening Na+ ligand gated channels on motor end plate during excitation contraction coupling?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
In ALS, is hyperreflexia a sign of UMN or LMN disruption?
UMN