GR. UNIT 3/4
What do we use these relative pronouns to refer to?
a) who
b) which
c) that
d) whose
e) when
f) where
a) people
b) object
c) to replace who / which, for people and objects
d) possession
e) time
f) place
REMEMBER We can create negative words just by adding some prefixes to the words, such as un-, in-, dis-, im-, ir-, il-
Create the negative of these words:
a) able
b) friendly
c)legible
d)agree
e) polite
f)sane
a) unable
b) unfriendly
c)illegible
d)disagree
e) impolite
f)insane
Match each of the statements a-e to a description of the use 1–5.
a. We’ll have been travelling around Europe for three months on Monday.
b. I’ll be working in the library this afternoon.
c. I’m going to travel around the world after I finish my exams.
d. We’re meeting Simon tonight at 8pm. I’m looking forward to it!
e. We might be able to get there by 4pm, but there’s a lot of traffic.
1. probability
2. confirmed arrangements
3. actions in progress at certain time in the future
4. actions which continue up to a point in the future
5. intentions or plans
.
Match each of the statements a-e to a description of the use 1–5.
a. 4
b. 3
c. 5
d. 2
e. 1
Create nouns from these words.
a) able
b) long
c) wide
d) likely
e) weak
f) approve
g) depart
Create nouns from these words.
a) ability
b) length
c) width
d) likelihood
e) weakness
f) approval
g) departure
1) List all the changes that you need to make in a reported statement.
2) List the rules to create a reported question.
1) tense change, pronouns change, time and place expressions
2) no inversion (S+V order), no auxiliaries, no question mark, always introduced.
Tell me 3 verbs that change the meaning if you use them with gerund or with infinitive
Remember, forget, try, stop, go on, regret, mean
a) How do we say when a plane leaves the airport?
b) How do we say when a plane arrives at the airport?
a) To take off
b) To land
In each of the following sentences one time linker is incorrect. Choose the incorrect linker.
1. Shortly / Once / Not long after I finished my exams, we moved to another city.
2. Last night, while / whenever / whilst I was watching TV, Ryan rang me.
3. Soon / Not long / When after we arrived, I realised I’d forgotten my money.
4. Ellen in the end / finally / eventually found a present for her sister after a whole day of shopping.
In each of the following sentences one time linker is incorrect. Choose the incorrect linker.
1. Shortly / Not long after I finished my exams, we moved to another city.
2. Last night, while / whilst I was watching TV, Ryan rang me.
3. Soon / Not long after we arrived, I realised I’d forgotten my money.
4. Ellen in the end / eventually found a present for her sister after a whole day of shopping.
Choose the correct option to complete the phrases about making decisions.
a) let your heart decide/rule/work your head
b) give/go/look back on a decision
c) take something into mind/account/view
d) leave something in for/up to/out of someone else to decide
e) rush/speed/force into a decision
f) change your mind/head/thought
g) come/arrive/reach to a decision
h) make/take/work up your mind
Choose the correct option to complete the phrases about making decisions.
a) let your heart rule your head
b) go back on a decision
c) take something into account
d) leave something up to someone else to decide
e) rush into a decision
f) change your mind
g) come to a decision
h) make up your mind
REMEMBER! When we report a statement, question or command, we can use a variety of reporting verbs and they follow different structure: (+object)+inf./+gerund/+object+prep.+gerund/+that clause.
Put the following verbs into the correct category:
insist,suggest,invite,offer, refuse, congratulate
+object+inf. -->invite
+ inf.-->offer, refuse
+gerund--> suggest
+object+prep.+gerund--> insist on, congratulate
+that clause.--> suggest
REMEMBER we use relative clauses to avoid repetition. The relative pronoun always replace some piece of information. We have defining (that and omision) and non-defining sentences (no changes).
Link the sentences together to create relative clauses.
a) Our headteacher is retiring at the end of the year. He has been at this school for over twenty years.
b) Mike is a terrible manager. Was promoted to a position. He is not qualified for the position.
a) Our headteacher, who is retiring at the end of the year, has been at this school for over twenty years.
b) Mike, who is a terrible manager, was promoted to a position for which he is not qualified.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences:
a) I'm off on a short business trip/travel this weekend, so I'll meet you when I get back.
b) When I was in Canada last summer, my aun put me out/up.
c) Would you like me to come and see/watch you off at the airport?
d) We were having so much trouble in the firm that I didn't disconnect/enjoy myself on Christmas' holidays.
e) My dad was so scared of flying that she breathed a sigh of relief when the plane touched/put down safely.
a) I'm off on a short business trip this weekend, so I'll meet you when I get back.
b) When I was in Canada last summer, my aun put me up.
c) Would you like me to come and see you off at the airport?
d) We were having so much trouble in the firm that I didn't enjoy myself on Christmas' holidays.
e) My dad was so scared of flying that she breathed a sigh of relief when the plane touched down safely.
Choose the correct option in italics in the following sentences.
1. We will have been working / will be working on this project for four months on Saturday.
2. He will / should go to Australia for his year out. I think he’d really enjoy it there.
3. I will / could be so relieved when the final exam is over and we can relax.
4. I see / ’m seeing Zoe tomorrow morning for coffee. Do you want to come along?
5. We might / could be able to go on a long holiday this year – we’ve been saving for months.
Choose the correct option in italics in the following sentences.
1. We will have been working on this project for four months on Saturday.
2. He should go to Australia for his year out. I think he’d really enjoy it there.
3. I will be so relieved when the final exam is over and we can relax.
4. I ’m seeing Zoe tomorrow morning for coffee. Do you want to come along?
5. We might be able to go on a long holiday this year – we’ve been saving for months.
Think of the adjective which matches each definition.
This person …
a) is able to wait or deal with other people’s mistakes without getting annoyed.
p _ _ _ _ _ _
b) considers other people’s feelings.
t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
c) is often irritated and becomes angry easily.
b _ _ -t _ _ _ _ _ _ _
d) likes to be with other people and socialise.
o_ _ _ _ _ _ _
e) is very impolite.
b _ _ -m _ _ _ _ _ _ _
This person …
a) is able to wait or deal with other people’s mistakes without getting annoyed.
patient
b) considers other people’s feelings.
thoughtful
c) is often irritated and becomes angry easily.
bad-tempered
d) likes to be with other people and socialise.
outgoing
e) is very impolite.
bad-mannered
Write the following sentences into reported speech.
1."I went to bed early last night". Sophie said that...
2."Could you help me with my luggage ?" She asked me ...
3."Don't worry!" She told him ...
4."What time does the party start tomorro?" They asked us...
1. Sophie said that she had gone to bed early the previous night
2.She asked me if I could help her with her luggage
3.She told him not to worry
4.They asked us what time the party started the following day
REMEMBER Use of gerunds:
- subject, object or complement
- after prepositions
- after certain verbs
- after some expressions (look forward to, have difficulty, it's worth...)
Use of infinitives (with to):
- to express purpose
- after certain verbs, adjectives and nouns
Use of infinitives (without to):
- after modal verbs
- after certain verbs
Find the mistakes in the following sentences:
a) Spend time on sunbeds can be just as dangerous as overexposure to the sun, and should to be avoided
b) I’d rather to go on holidays with my friends
c) We’d decided to not go abroad this year
d) They get fed up by be together all the time
a) Spending time on sunbeds can be just as dangerous as overexposure to the sun, and should be avoided
b) I’d rather go on holidays with my friends
c) We’d decided not to go abroad this year
d) They get fed up with being together all the time
Complete the sentences with a word related with holidays vocabulary.
a) My parents go on a(n) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ every year because they prefer the travel agent to make all the arrangements for them.
b) Monday is a(n)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ so most of the shops and banks will be closed.
c) The flight has been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by at least two hours due to very heavy fog.
d) Swimming was impossible because the hotel pool was so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
a) My parents go on a(n) package holiday every year because they prefer the travel agent to make all the arrangements for them.
b) Monday is a(n)public holiday so most of the shops and banks will be closed.
c) The flight has been delayed by at least two hours due to very heavy fog.
d) Swimming was impossible because the hotel pool was so overcrowded.
Complete the following sentences with an appropriate form of the verb in brackets.
1.The team struggled to reach a decision, but they (come) to an agreement in the end.
2. Once I (arrive) at the party, my first thought was to find my old friends and catch up.
3. It wasn’t long after my mother (emigrate) that she met my father and they were soon married.
4. Whilst we (get) angry about being lost, Sumi calmly read the directions again.
1.The team struggled to reach a decision, but they (come) CAME to an agreement in the end.
2. Once I (arrive) ARRIVED at the party, my first thought was to find my old friends and catch up.
3. It wasn’t long after my mother (emigrate) HAD EMIGRATED that she met my father and they were soon married.
4. Whilst we (get) WERE GETTING angry about being lost, Sumi calmly read the directions again.
Complete the sentences with words created from the ones in brackets.
a) [HOMELESS] is a big problem in most of the major cities in the world.
b) My uncle gave me £300 for my birthday and I thanked him for his [GENEROUS] .
c) The government apologised for its [FAIL] to bring down taxes last year.
d) The [INVESTIGATE] into the burglary is still continuing.
e) Can I have your [SIGN] in two places on this application form, please?
f) The island is very small indeed with only sixty-five [INHABIT].
g) When my car broke down in France I phoned my insurance company for [ASSIST] .
h) There has been a significant [REDUCE] in the pollution levels in the city centre over the last five years.
Complete the sentences with words created from the ones in brackets.
a) HOMELESSNESS is a big problem in most of the major cities in the world.
b) My uncle gave me £300 for my birthday and I thanked him for his GENEROSITY .
c) The government apologised for its FAILURE to bring down taxes last year.
d) The INVESTIGATION into the burglary is still continuing.
e) Can I have your SIGNATURE in two places on this application form, please?
f) The island is very small indeed with only sixty-five INHABITANTS.
Write the sentences into reported speech using reporting verbs.
1. The doctor said to me : "You really should stay in bed and not go to work this week."
2. She said :" I am sorry. I didn't mean to break the vase."
3. Dicky said: "Please don't tell my mom"
1. The doctor advised me to stay in bed and not to go to work that week.
2. She apologised for breaking the vase.
3. Dicky begged me not to tell his mum.
REMEMBER some verbs change their meaning if we use them in infinitive or gerund
Complete the sentences with the correct verb tense and follow it by a gerund or infinitive:
a) I've __________(try/contact) you by email several times but you didn't reply, so I've ___________ (stop/try)
b) Do you _____________ (remember/go) to that match when I came to see you at Christmas?
c) Don't ___________ (forget/meet) me at the station on Saturday at six o'clock!
a) I've tried contacting you by email several times but you didn't reply, so I've stopped trying.
b) Do you remember going to that match when I came to see you at Christmas?
c) Don't forget to meet me at the station on Saturday at six o'clock!
Complete the text with a word created from the word in brackets.
Relax on a canal holiday
Have you ever sat (0) MISERABLY in a traffic jam for hours with hundreds of other (1) [HAPPY] holidaymakers? Or been trapped on a long-distance bus with a screaming baby? Or groaned in (2) [FRUSTRATE]as an airport announcement informs you that your flight has been delayed by a further four hours? Most of us have experienced just how (3) [ STRESS] reaching your holiday destination can be.
But here at ‘Canal Cruising’, we believe you can avoid the worry and(4) [COMFORT] of getting there.
Relax on a canal holiday
Have you ever sat (0) MISERABLY in a traffic jam for hours with hundreds of other (1) [HAPPY] UNHAPPY holidaymakers? Or been trapped on a long-distance bus with a screaming baby? Or groaned in (2) [FRUSTRATE] FRUSTRATION as an airport announcement informs you that your flight has been delayed by a further four hours? Most of us have experienced just how (3) [ STRESS] STRESSFUL reaching your holiday destination can be.
But here at ‘Canal Cruising’, we believe you can avoid the worry and(4) [COMFORT] DISCOMFORT of getting there.
For questions 1–6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1. It took us a long time but eventually we found them. END
It took us a long time but we found_____________
2. Tomorrow will be her 10 year anniversary as headteacher here. WORKING
Tomorrow she ______________ here as headteacher for 10 years.
3. I had never lived abroad before. FIRST
It was ______________ lived abroad.
For questions 1–6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1. It took us a long time but we found them in the end.
2. Tomorrow she will have been working here as a headteacher for 10 years.
3. It was the first time I had lived abroad.
MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE: Complete the gaps with the correct options
With new developments 1) to/of/in/at technology, the way we get our information about the world is changing. The latest thing in news seems to be citizen journalism, 2) where/what/which/that is when ordinary people caught in the middle of a newsworthy event 3) take/make/do/are photos or capture video clips using their phones and post them on social media. Blogging about 4) present/current/actual/now affairs is another kind of citizen journalism.
MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE: Complete the gaps with the correct options
With new developments 1) in technology, the way we get our information about the world is changing. The latest thing in news seems to be citizen journalism, 2) which is when ordinary people caught in the middle of a newsworthy event 3) take photos or capture video clips using their phones and post them on social media. Blogging about 4) current affairs is another kind of citizen journalism.
REMEMBER! With the reported speech we're telling a story told by another person in a different moment, so we always need to change several features:
1) tense
2) pronouns
3) time and place expressions
Read the message from Paul to Helen
Hi Helen! I've just got back from the Climate Change protest march. I was expecting to see you on the train but I couldn't find you. Did you go? It was amazing. I'm sitting here watching the march on TV. Are you watching it too? It looks really impressive! It's been a long day so I'm going to bed early. I'll give you a ring soon.
The next day, Helen told her frind Andy what Paul had said. Complete the reported version. Remember to use different reporting verbs:
Hi Andy. Paul phoned last night and left a message. He told me he'd just got back from the Climate Change protest march and said that he...
Hi Andy. Paul phoned last night and left a message. He told me he'd just got back from the Climate Change protest march and said that he had been expexting to see me on the train but he couldn't/hadn't been able to find me. He asked me if I had gone. He told me that it had been amazing. He told me that he was sitting there watching the march on TV. He asked me if I was watching it too. He told me it looked really impressive. He said that it had been a long day so he was going to bed early. He told me that he would give me a ring soon.