BASICS
The main position or argument a writer is trying to prove.
CLAIM
The first part of the essay
Exordium
The first part of the Rogerian Essay
Introduction
The first part of the Toulmin Argument
Claim
Saying something is true because many people believe it.
Bandwagon
A statement or idea that forms the basis for a conclusion.
Premise
The part where you write your thesis
Partitio/Proposition
In which order do you write your position/thesis?
4th/ second to the last
The Toulmin term for "evidence"
Grounds
Only two choices are presented when more exist.
Falde Dilemma
The opposing viewpoint to the writer’s position.
Counterclaim or counterargument
The part where you address counterarguments
Refutation/ Refutatio
The part where you identify shared values or goals.
Common Ground
The reasoning that connects evidence to claim
warrant
Bringing up an unrelated topic to distract.
Red Herring
Adjusting or limiting a claim to make it more precise
Qualifying a Claim
The main goal of the Classical Argument
To persuade the audience by presenting a clear claim and supporting it with strong evidence and reasoning.
The main goal of the Rogerian argument
To reach common ground, compromise, and reduce conflict between opposing positions.
The main goal of the Toulmin model
To analyze and break down an argument into its logical parts to show how and why it works.
Attacking the person instead of the argument.
Ad Hominem
Enumerate the three types of claims
CLAIM OF FACT, CLAIM OF VALUE, CLAIM OF POLICY
Who were the first to use the classical argument structure
Ancient Greek and Roman orators
Who is the proponent of the Rogerian Argument?
Carl Rogers
Whos is the proponent of the Toulmin Model?
Stephen Toulmin
Exaggerating someone’s argument to attack it.
Straw man