Inference and Evidence
A student enters the classroom with wet shoes, a dripping umbrella, and water on their jacket. What can you infer?
It rained or recently rained.
The main reason an author creates a text?
Author's Purpose
An author explains events or steps in the order in which they occur. Which text structure is used?
Sequence or chronological order
Which sentence best restates and answers the question, “Why is daily reading beneficial?”
A. Why is daily reading beneficial?
B. Daily reading is beneficial because it strengthens vocabulary and comprehension.
C. The text talks about reading.
D. I like reading every day.
B. Daily reading is beneficial because it strengthens vocabulary and comprehension.
Which sentence has correct subject-verb agreement?
A. The students reads every afternoon.
B. The students read every afternoon.
C. The students is reading every afternoon.
D. The students was reading every afternoon.
B. The students read every afternoon.
The lights are off, the door is locked, and a sign says, “We will reopen tomorrow.” What can you infer?
The Business is closed for the day
Why might an author use the word “you” in an article?
To address readers directly and make the message feel personal or relevant.
An author presents a challenge and then explains how it can be fixed. Which text structure is used?
Problem and solution
Which evidence best supports the idea that exercise improves students’ concentration?
A. Many students own athletic shoes.
B. The school gymnasium is near the cafeteria.
C. After exercising, students remained focused for longer periods during class.
D. Some students prefer team sports.
C. After exercising, students remained focused for longer periods during class.
Which sentence uses commas correctly?
A. Students can participate in swimming running and biking.
B. Students can participate, in swimming, running and biking.
C. Students can participate in swimming, running, and biking.
D. Students, can participate in swimming running, and biking.
C. Students can participate in swimming, running, and biking.
Which detail best supports the inference that a student is nervous before a presentation?
A. The student organized the note cards.
B. The student’s hands shook as they walked toward the front of the room.
C. The student wore a blue shirt.
D. The presentation was about animals.
B. The student’s hands shook as they walked toward the front of the room.
Why might an author begin an article with a rhetorical question?
A. To provide a final answer
B. To make readers think about the topic
C. To introduce the bibliography
D. To explain events in time order
B. To make readers think about the topic.
A text explains that heavy rainfall caused a river to overflow. Which text structure connects these ideas?
Cause and Effect
Which sentence is the strongest controlling idea?
A. Exercise is something people do.
B. I think exercise is good.
C. Regular exercise benefits people by improving their physical and mental health.
D. There are many kinds of exercise.
C. Regular exercise benefits people by improving their physical and mental health.
Which revision correctly joins the two independent clauses?
The activity was challenging. The students continued practicing.
A. The activity was challenging, the students continued practicing.
B. The activity was challenging; the students continued practicing.
C. The activity was challenging the students continued practicing.
D. The activity was challenging; and the students continued practicing.
B. The activity was challenging; the students continued practicing.
Which response includes both a logical inference and relevant evidence?
A. Carlos is tired because school is boring.
B. Carlos stayed awake all night because I sometimes do that.
C. Carlos is tired because he is yawning and struggling to keep his eyes open.
D. Carlos is tired because he is wearing a jacket.
C. Carlos is tired because he is yawning and struggling to keep his eyes open.
An author presents facts, statistics, and expert explanations about conserving water. What is the author’s most likely purpose?
To inform readers about water conservation.
A text explains how bicycles and scooters are alike and different. Which text structure is used?
Compare and Contrast
Which sentence uses punctuation correctly?
A. Scientists found frozen water on Mars however, questions remain.
B. Scientists found frozen water on Mars; however, questions remain.
C. Scientists found frozen water; on Mars, however questions remain.
D. Scientists found frozen water on Mars, however questions remain.
B. Scientists found frozen water on Mars; however, questions remain.
Which sentence uses the transition and punctuation correctly?
A. Exercise improves physical health however; it can also improve a person’s mood.
B. Exercise improves physical health, however it can also improve a person’s mood.
C. Exercise improves physical health; however, it can also improve a person’s mood.
D. Exercise improves physical health however, it can also improve a person’s mood.
C. Exercise improves physical health; however, it can also improve a person’s mood.
A reader infers that a school recycling program is successful. Which evidence best supports that inference?
A. The school building is large.
B. Students use blue recycling bins.
C. The amount of trash sent to the landfill decreased by 40 percent.
D. The principal announced the program in August.
C. The amount of trash sent to the landfill decreased by 40 percent.
An author includes emotional language and examples of animals harmed by pollution. How does this choice affect the reader?
It creates an emotional appeal that may influence readers to care about pollution or take action.
How does a cause-and-effect structure help readers understand a topic?
It shows why something happened and explains the results or consequences.
Read the response:
Exercise is important because it improves a person’s health. The text states that students exercised for thirty minutes each day. This proves that exercise is important.
Which revision best improves the explanation?
A. This is why exercise is important.
B. Exercise is something many students do.
C. Exercising for thirty minutes each day gives students consistent physical activity, which can strengthen their bodies and improve their overall health.
D. The evidence proves the answer because it comes from the text.
C. Exercising for thirty minutes each day gives students consistent physical activity, which can strengthen their bodies and improve their overall health.
Which revision best combines the sentences while maintaining their meaning?
The students wanted to improve their health. They began exercising regularly. They encouraged their friends to participate.
A. The students wanted to improve their health, they began exercising regularly and encouraged their friends to participate.
B. Wanting to improve their health, the students began exercising regularly and encouraged their friends to participate.
C. The students wanted to improve their health and they exercised, their friends participated.
D. The students began exercising. The students wanted health. Friends participated.
B. Wanting to improve their health, the students began exercising regularly and encouraged their friends to participate.