The Titans & The Trusts
This term describes a business that has total control over a sector of the economy, effectively eliminating all competition.
Monopoly
This organization represented workers and pushed for better wages, hours, and working conditions in the gilded Age.
Labor Union
This muckraker used photography to document the "urban poor" and the horrific conditions of New York City tenements.
Jacob Riis
This process, named after its British inventor, allowed for the mass production of steel, making the construction of skyscrapers possible.
Bessemer Process
Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program was known by this two-word name, promising fairness for both labor and capital.
The "Square Deal"
To expand his steel empire, Andrew Carnegie used this method of owning every step of the manufacturing process, from raw materials to transport.
Vertical integration
This 1892 labor conflict at a steel plant in Pennsylvania turned violent when private guards fought striking workers.
Homestead Strike
Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle led directly to the passage of these two 1906 laws to protect the consumer economy.
Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act
Developed by individuals like Alexander Graham Bell, this invention revolutionized urban communication.
Telephone
After losing the GOP nomination to Taft in 1912, Roosevelt formed this third party, named after a resilient animal.
Bull Moose Party
John D. Rockefeller used this method to expand Standard Oil by buying out or merging with all competing oil refineries.
Horizontal integration
This 1894 nationwide railroad protest began when worker refused to handle cars form a company that cut wages
Pullman Strike
This term refers to the movement that pushed for the ban of alcohol, eventually leading to the 18th Amendment.
Temperance Movement
These large retail establishments, such as the one founded by R.H. Macy, became symbols of the new urban consumer economy.
Department Stores
Although Theodore Roosevelt was famous for it, this successor actually initiated nearly double the number of anti-trust suits (80+ total).
William Howard Taft
This 1890 law was the first major federal legislation intended to break up monopolies, though it was initially difficult to enforce.
Sherman Antitrust Act
The 1866 labor protest in Chicago turned deadly after a bomb was thrown during a rally for the 8 - hours workday.
Haymarket Riot
Aimed at helping "New Immigrants" and the poor, Jane Addams founded Hull House, the most famous example of this type of community center.
Settlement house
To reach customers outside the city, these types of companies used advertising and catalogues to sell mass-produced goods
Mail order / Catalogue companies
Woodrow Wilson’s 1913 landmark legislation created this central banking system to provide the nation with a more stable and flexible financial structure.
Federal Reserve Act
Rather than a single "trust," this type of company exists solely to own the stock of other corporations to create a monopoly, a favorite tool of J.P. Morgan.
Holding company
This labor organization founded in 1869 focused on uniting skilled and unskilled workers and supported strikes for better wages and conditions
Knights of Labor
This 1916 Act was a major Progressive victory against child labor, though the Supreme Court later challenged its constitutionality.
Child Labor Act (or Keating-Owen Act)
This term describes the rapid shift of the population from rural areas to cities, often driven by the rise of manufacturing.
Urbanization
This 1914 act strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by specifically prohibiting unfair business practices and exempting labor unions from being treated as "monopolies."
Clayton Antitrust Act