Industrialization
Describe one reason for rapid industrialization in the United States after 1870
Abundant natural resources and new technologies such as steel production encouraged industrial growth.
Identify one method used by industrialists to control industries
Horizontal or vertical integration.
Define urbanization
The growth of cities due to population movement.
Identify one goal of the Progressive Movement.
Reducing corruption or regulating big business
Identify one reform introduced under Theodore Roosevelt
Trust-busting or consumer protection laws.
Explain how railroads contributed to economic growth during the Gilded Age
Railroads connected national markets, reduced transportation costs, and increased trade
Explain why labor unions formed in the late nineteenth century
Workers sought better wages, shorter hours, and safer conditions
Explain why immigrants settled in cities
Cities offered factory jobs and housing
Explain the role of muckrakers
Journalists exposed corruption and social problems
Explain the significance of the 17th Amendment
It allowed direct election of U.S. Senators
Define laissez-faire capitalism
An economic system with little government regulation of business.
Describe the significance of the Homestead Strike
It showed government support for business over labor
Describe one problem caused by rapid urban growth
Overcrowding and poor sanitation.
Describe one Progressive reform aimed at democracy
Direct election of senators
Describe one achievement of the women’s suffrage movement
Passage of the 19th Amendment
Explain one effect of industrialization on American society
Industrialization created jobs but also led to poor working conditions
Explain one reason why labor strikes often failed
Employers used force and government intervention against workers
Explain the role of settlement houses
They provided education and aid to immigrants
Explain why the government increased regulation during the Progressive Era
To protect workers and consumers
Explain one limitation of Progressive reforms
They failed to address racial discrimination.
To what extent did industrialization benefit the U.S. economy
It increased production and wealth, but also caused inequality and labor exploitation
How effective were labor unions in improving conditions by 1900?
Unions raised awareness but achieved limited long-term success
To what extent did immigration contribute to U.S. economic growth?
Immigrants supplied labor but faced discrimination and poverty
How successful was the Progressive Movement by 1920?
It achieved major reforms but failed to end inequality
To what extent did Progressive reforms solve the problems of the Gilded Age
Reforms improved democracy and regulation but left inequality unresolved.