Biology (Unit 1)
What’s the general formula for carbohydrates? (the ratio and elements)
Cn, H2n, On
Name me a trait of type 1 diabetes.
Usually transmitted via genetics, unable to secrete sufficient insulin.
What are the 3 structures in the liver?
Hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein, hepatic artery.
How was Vietnam split up and governed?
split into 3 regions:
Cochin china under direct rule, little local participation in the admin
Annam under indirect rule as a protectorate, but puppet emperor
Tonkin legally a protectorate but actually ruled like a colony
What were the three policies enacted and when were they in play from?
Culture system 1840-1870
Liberal policy 1870-1901
Ethical policy 1901-1929
Name a factor affecting facilitated diffusion (that’s not concentration gradient)
Availability of transport protein
What is the function of a conjunctiva.
Secrete mucus, keep front of eyeball moist
Name me the 5 parts of the internal leaf structure (from top to bottom)
Cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis.
What were the reasons behind French colonisation of Vietnam? (name one for economic, political and social)
political:
-race for colonies heated up, Brits and Germans all eyeing territories so must compete
Economic:
-wanted a trading base to rival the Brits’: access china thru Vietnam (failed)
-mineral resources such as Fe, tin, Zn and Co
-economic crisis, must find new market for french products
social
-white man’s burden
-spread the catholic faith
What were the reasons behind Dutch colonialism of Indonesia?
Political:
-Anglo-Dutch rivalry encouraged the Dutch to assert more control over their sphere of influence
-balance of power in Europe shifted and they feared their rivals would cut others off from accessing resources
Economic:
-they incurred huge losses from wars in both Europe and Java and they needed a way to recover their losses
social:
-white man’s burden
For the 4 different type of movement of substances, what is the energy utilised for each type?
Facilitated Diffusion, Diffusion, Osmosis: Kinetic
Active Transport: Metabolic
What are the 4 substances in Dialysis Fluid?
Glucose, animo acids, water and salts
What is the function of the bile?
Bile emulsifies fats by lowering surface tension (reduction of attractive forces) to break up large fat molecules into smaller droplets —> increased surface area to volume ratio —> faster rate of digestion by lipase
What are the impacts of the Paul Doumer reforms
These projects were financed by oppressive taxation and monopolies on salt and opium. Vietnamese peasants bore the financial burden while French companies reaped the economic benefits.
What are the impacts of the cultivation system
- displace food crops; debt and famines
-discontent
Name 2 adaptations of a muscle cell and the functions of said adaptations.
numerous mitochondria: energy for contraction
fibre: contraction and relaxation of muscle
numerous nuclei: cell division
At high light intensity, what happens to the muscles in the eye?
Circular muscles contract, radial muscles relax, pupil constricts
What are the 3 substances the gastric glands secrete (and the functions of each substance)?
secrete gastic juice (pH2) that contains HCl: optimum acidic environment for protease, kill microbes, denature salivary amylase
secrete pepsin (protease): catalyses breakdown of protein —> polypeptides
secrete mucus: protect walls of stomach lining
Describe what caused the shift from subsistence based economy to an export based economy
the colonies produced surpluses and fufilled globa
demand for raw materials and cash crops. This transformed the traditionally agricultural
Southeast Asian economy into a global market economy. Prices of products were now set atl evels determined by the global market, thus subjecting the Southeast Asian economy to worldwide fluctuations in supply and demand.
Give the pros and cons of western education in colonies
While some Western-style schools were established and produced a new elite of educated Indonesians, access remained limited to the upper classes.
Western-style education and legal reforms were also implemented under French rule.
The curriculum emphasized French language and values, producing a small class of
Vietnamese elites trained for low-level administrative roles. Confucian scholars and traditional mandarins lost influence, and many educated Vietnamese became disillusioned when they were denied upward mobility or political voice within the colonial framework.
How does temperature affect an enzyme (before optimal temperature)
Kinetic energy increase, rate of effective collisions between enzyme active site and substrate increase, rate of formation of enzyme-substrate complex increase, rate of products formed increase (hit ALL 4 points :D)
What happens when your body temperature is below set point? (Name all 4 corrective mechanisms)
sweat glands become less active, less sweat production, less evaporation of water from skin surface, less heat loss
vasoconstriction of arterioles, less blood flow to capillaries, less heat loss through skin
higher metabolic rate, more heat production
shivering
Describe to me the Calvin Cycle.
Give examples of attempts by the Vietnamese to change french rule
-Can Vuong movement aimed to restore power to the emperor. Failed.
-Phan Chu Trinh wanted to establish a french styled republic in Vietnam. His proposals were rejected.
-Phan Boi Chau: started with pro monarchy known as Restoration society later aimed to establish a republic. Changed name to Revival society, was willing to use arms.
Give an example of how collaboration worked to benefit the locals
collaboration good:
-Raden Ajeng Kartini was able to advance womens’ rights by adopting and adapting European ideas
-Ambonese soldiers benefited from a western style education, higher military pay and opportunities for their kids to attend European schools