Moving Materials
Compare the different types of blood vessels
Arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from your heart.
Veins are vessels that carry blood toward the heart that is oxygen poor.
Capillaries are very tiny vessels that enable oxygen, CO2, and nutrients to move between your circulatory system and your entire body
Which organelle is the main source of energy producer in the cell.
Mitochondria
How is the amount of energy in food measured?
By calories
What is the difference between innate behaviour and learned behavior and give an example of each
Innate behavior is a natural, instinctive action an organism is born with (e.g., a spider spinning a web).
Learned behavior develops through experience or training (e.g., a dog learning to sit when commanded).
Explain what neurons are
Neurons are specialized nerve cells that carry messages throughout the body. They transmit electrical and chemical signals between the brain, spinal cord, and other body parts, allowing us to think, move, and respond to stimuli.
Explain what happens to oxygen and carbon dioxide during gas exchange in the alveoli.
Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.
What are the functions of skeletal system?
Protection, strucutre, and production and storage
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces (e.g., chewing in the mouth, churning in the stomach), while chemical digestion uses enzymes and acids to break down food into simpler nutrients the body can absorb.
Give two examples of courtship behaviors
A peacock displaying its colorful feathers to attract a mate.
A bird singing a special song or performing a dance to impress a potential partner.
What is meant by stimuli
anything that causes a response or reaction in an organism, such as light, sound, touch, temperature, or pain.
What happens to the diaphragm and the air pressure inside the chest during inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation: The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, causing the chest cavity to expand and air pressure inside the lungs to decrease, allowing air to enter.
Exhalation: The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, causing the chest cavity to decrease in volume and air pressure inside the lungs to increase, pushing air out.
What are the different types of skeletons and their characteristics?
Hydrostatic: fluid-filled, flexible support (e.g., worms).
Exoskeleton: hard outer covering (e.g., insects).
Endoskeleton: internal bone or cartilage structure (e.g., humans).
What are the main functions of the small intestine?
1- chemical digestion
2- Nutrient absorption
What are different ways that animals protect their offspring
1- herding
2- Nest building
How do plants respond to stimuli
Phototropism: growth toward light (the stem bends toward sunlight).
Gravitropism (or geotropism): roots grow downward with gravity, while stems grow upward against it.
Thigmotropism: response to touch (as in vines wrapping around objects).
Why are the blood vessels shown in different colors?
The red of the arteries indicates the blood is oxygen rich and the blue of the veins indicates the blood is oxygen poor.
what are the different types of muscles, where are they found, and are they voluntary or Involuntary?
Skeletal muscles: attached to bones and help with movement; they are voluntary.
Smooth muscles: found in organs like the stomach and blood vessels; they are involuntary.
Cardiac muscle: found only in the heart; it is involuntary and never tires.
How do plant bodies obtain energy and get rid of waste?
By the process of photosynthesis
What factors affect how animals grow?
1- genetic factors
2- environmental factors
Explain the sequence of steps of how living things see
Light enters the eye through the cornea and pupil.
The lens focuses the light onto the retina at the back of the eye.
The retina’s photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) detect the light and change it into electrical signals.
These signals travel through the optic nerve to the brain.
The brain interprets the signals to form the image we see.
Explain what diffusion is and its role in breathing
Diffusion is the movement of gases from high to low concentration; it allows oxygen to move into the blood and carbon dioxide to move out during breathing.
What are the different types of roots found in plants and what is their function?
Taproot: one thick main root that grows deep to anchor the plant and absorb water.
Fibrous roots: many thin roots that spread out near the surface to absorb water quickly.
Prop roots: roots that grow from the stem above the ground to provide extra support.
What are the 2 functions of the excretory system, explain them.
1- collection and elimination
2- regulation of liquids
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction in plants, give detail and explain
Asexual reproduction produces seedless plants, as it does not involve flowers, gametes, or fertilization (e.g., potatoes and onions) and offsprings are genetically identical to parents .
Sexual reproduction produces seed-bearing plants, since it involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, resulting in seeds that grow into new plants
explain the sequence of steps showing how living things hear:
Sound waves enter the ear through the ear canal.
The waves make the eardrum vibrate.
These vibrations get amplified.
they are turned into electrical signals by tiny hair cells.
The auditory nerve carries these signals to the brain, which interprets them as sound.