Modern World
What ideas did Enlightenment thinkers emphasise when considering society and government?
Reason and evidence over superstition and religion.
Which country fought China in the First Opium War?
Britain.
What years did the First World War last?
1914 to 1918.
Which country captured Singapore in 1942?
Japan.
What was the main aim of the White Australia policy?
To restrict non-European migration to Australia.
What is nationalism?
A strong shared identity among people who see themselves as one nation.
Which dynasty ruled China during the Opium Wars?
The Qing dynasty.
Give one reason Australia entered World War I.
Australia supported Britain after Britain declared war on Germany.
Where did the Kokoda Track campaign take place?
Papua.
What is a refugee?
A person who has been forced to leave their country to escape persecution, conflict or serious danger.
Name two living conditions that became common in rapidly growing industrial cities.
Overcrowded housing and poor sanitation.
What treaty ended the First Opium War?
The Treaty of Nanjing.
What does conscription mean?
Compulsory military service.
Name one condition that made fighting on the Kokoda Track difficult.
Steep terrain, heavy rain, tropical disease or difficult supply lines.
Give one reason Australia encouraged migration after World War II.
To increase the population or workforce.
Name two conditions many factory workers experienced during the Industrial Revolution.
Long hours and repetitive, machine-paced work.
How did the Opium Wars affect China’s control over foreign trade?
China had to open ports to foreign trade and give foreign powers greater access.
In what year did the Australian colonies federate?
1st January 1901.
What happened to many Australian soldiers when Singapore fell?
They were captured by Japan and became prisoners of war.
Name one danger Vietnamese refugees could face on a boat journey.
Storms, a lack of food and water, or other dangerous conditions at sea.
What is urbanisation?
The movement of people from rural areas to towns and cities.
What did the Boxers want to remove from China?
Foreign influence.
How did the Gallipoli campaign influence how Australians remember the First World War?
It became part of the ANZAC legend and is remembered through ceremonies such as ANZAC Day.
What did the fall of Singapore show Australia about its defence?
It showed that Australia was vulnerable to Japan’s advance and could not rely on Britain alone for protection. Australia focused more on defending itself and worked more closely with the United States.
Name one challenge refugees may face during their journey and one after arriving in Australia.
They may face danger during the journey and challenges settling in Australia, such as finding housing or adjusting to a new community.