Tenses
I ______ this book. You can have it.
have finished
I heard the rain (to fall) on the roof
I heard the rain fall on the roof.
I heard the rain falling on the roof.
Ex: Paul lives in Berlin now. He likes living there.
What kind of rule is there in the sentence?
We use -ing (not to …)
when we talk about a situation that already exists (or existed)
That ______ be true. I saw it myself.
a) can’t
b) mustn’t
c) shouldn’t
d) might not
can’t
‘Shall we go by train?
Use prefer or would RATHER TO ANSWER THE QUESTION
I’d rather drive.’ (not to drive)
‘I’d prefer to drive.’
I’m tired because I ______ all day.
have been working
She kept ______ (interrupt) me while I was speaking.
interrupting
I can’t afford ______ a new car.
to buy
She looks upset. She ______ have failed the exam.
a) can’t
b) must
c) should
d) needn’t
must
I saw my friend run down the street VS I saw my friend runnig down the street What's the difference?
Examples have the same meaning except that -ing form emphasizes the idea of "while"
She ______ already ______ her homework.
has / finished
I’m looking forward to ______ (see) you soon.
seeing
I forgot ______ Anna about the meeting.
to tell
She ______ come to the party tonight, but she isn’t sure yet.
a) must
b) can’t
c) might
d) has to
might
Volunteering your time is another way to help.
What is it in the sentence?
Gerund or Present participle
Gerund
She said she ______ help me later.
would
I regret ______ him the truth. It hurt him.
telling
I regret ______ him what happened.
telling
We ______ hurry. The train doesn’t leave for another hour.
a) mustn’t
b) shouldn’t
c) don’t have to
d) can’t
don’t have to
What (-ing or to )do we use with the following verbs:
begin /start / continue / intend / bother
We use the following verbs with -ing or to …
with no difference of meaning: begin start continue intend bother
I ______ him for years before he moved away.
had known
She went on ______ even though nobody was listening.
speaking
I like doing something VS I like to do something
I like doing something = I do it and I enjoy it:I like cleaning the kitchen. (= I enjoy it.)
I like to do something = I choose to do it (but maybe I don’t enjoy it): It’s not my favourite job, but I like to clean the kitchen as often as possible
I ______ call him yesterday because I had already sent him an email. (no necessity – and I didn’t call)
a) needn’t have
b) didn’t need to
c) mustn’t
d) couldn’t
didn’t need to
go on doing something VS go on to do something
go on doing something = continue doing the same thing: The president paused for a moment and then went on talking. We need to change. We can’t go on living like this.
go on to do something = do or say something new: After discussing the economy, the president went on to talk about foreign policy.