Respiration
Q: What process allows oxygen to move from alveoli into blood?
Diffusion
Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?
Left side
What is the relationship between structure and function of an organ?
Structure of an organ is adapted to perform a specific job
Which two systems work directly together to supply oxygen to cells?
Respiratory and Circulatory
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together
Why are alveoli adapted for efficient gas exchange?
Large surface area, thin walls, good blood supply
Why do arteries have thick muscular walls?
To withstand high pressure from heart pumping
Why are red blood cells biconcave?
Increases surface area and flexibility
What do body cells use oxygen for?
Cellular respiration to release energy
Why is homeostasis important?
Maintains stable internal environment
What would happen if alveoli walls became thicker?
Slower diffusion, less oxygen entering blood
Why are capillaries only one cell thick?
To allow diffusion of gases and nutrients
How does heart muscle structure help it do its job?
Thick muscle allows strong contractions
Why would damage to the heart affect breathing?
Reduced blood flow means less oxygen transported → body compensates
Give one example of how the body removes waste.
Kidneys filter blood to form urine
Difference between Arteries and Veins
Arteries take OXYGENate blood away from the heart, thicker walls
Veins bring DEOXYGENafted blood to the heart, thinner and have valves to prevent backflow
Explain why veins have valves
To prevent backflow because blood pressure is lower
Give one example where structure would fail and explain the consequence.
Blocked artery → reduced oxygen supply → tissue damage
Explain how exercise affects BOTH breathing and heart rate and why.
Increased respiration → more O₂ needed → heart pumps faster to deliver it
Why must all systems work together for survival?
Failure of one affects others; body is interdependent
Explain why breathing rate increases during exercise.
Cells need more oxygen for respiration → more CO₂ produced → body increases ventilation