Origin, Conquest
What language family is the Hungarian language a member of?
Finno-Ugorian
What changes did Géza introduce in the Hungarian principality?
Christianity, succession
What was the main goal of St. Ladislaus with his laws?
strengthen the church, settle the wanderers, protecting private property
Where did András II. lead military campaigns?
crusade, Halycs
Who was Fiar Julianus?
during Béla IV, finding the ancient Hungarian homeland, Mongolian threat.
written (chronicles), linguistic, archeology, anthropology, ethnography, legends
List the church laws of St. Stephen!
According to Stephen’s laws, people had to go to church every Sunday
Religious holidays (such as Christmas, Easter) had to be respected
Fasting was also compulsory before Easter
church districts!, tithe
What is personal union?
countries in a personal union share a common ruler (king) but they have different laws and institutions
What happened with Gertrude?
Why was Béla IV. unpopular?
tried to take the lands back, other symbolic gestures
What are the migration stations of the Hungarian tribes to the Carpathian basin?
Magna Hungaria - Levédia - Etelköz - Carpathian basin
What was the role of the chapters?
Chapters (káptalanok)members of the chapter were called canons (kanonok) → helped the bishops' workchapters could also issue official certificates
What were some of the laws of Coloman?
church reforms, donated land inheritable only from father to son, denying the existence of one form of witches, protecting private property (less severe)
Why were the barons dissatisfied with András II.?
giving position to foreigners, debasement of money, lease system, land donations, hereditary lands/titles
Who were the Cumans?
nomadic, arriving from the East, Béla lets them settle in return: promise that they will help aganist the Mongolians, however after Kötöny is killed they leave the kingdom
Who lived in the Carpathian basin before the Hungarian conquest?
Avars, Slavs, duchy of the Franks, Bavarians
castle districts, county system (bailiff)
fixed borders, basis of the military
Why did Béla III not have supporters in the Hungarian kingdom?
coming from the Byzantine empire - engaged to the emperors daughter, but loses his position
Why were the servients dissatisfied with András II. ?
threatened by serfdom, losing their position and privileges because of the land donations
Why were the Hungarians not prepared for the invasion?
Cumans left, barons did not give enough soldiers because they did not believe Béla + his unpopularity
895-96 - led by Árpád
-Main pass: Verecke
-Other passes: Tatár, Békás (eastern part)
-895–899 → occupied Transylvania
907 → the Bavarians and the Bulgars were also defeated (separately), and this campaign ended the occupation of the basin
What is primogeniture and seniority?
primogeniture - Westen succession, eldest son
seniority - nomadic succession, the eldest male member of the clan
Who are the settlers (hospes)?
Invited by Béla III at first, Western Europe, introduced advanced technologies
What is the right of resistance and which document has it?
Article 31 of the Golden Bull? The right of resistance was given to the nobles if any of the provisions of the bull were violated by the king.
What do we mean by second foundation of the Hungarian kingdom?
Béla will give land in return the barons will provide military services and build stone castles
settlers - Cumans, Saxons
Margaret