Cells & Growth
How do single cells grow?
In unicellular organisms, growth is a stage in the process of their reproduction. It consists of a stepwise and ordered increase in the size of the cytoplasm, including the increase in the number (e.g., ribosomes mitochondria) or duplication of organelles, (chromosomes, centrosomes, cell nuclei, etc.).
Small sections of DNA that control the traits of an organism
What are genes?
Both alleles in the genotype are seen in the phenotype.
Examples: Spotted cows and flowers with petals of two different colors.
What is codominance?
Mutation where a base is lost
What is deletion?
Utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to develop or create different products.
What is Biotechnology?
The increase in cell size and number that take place during the life history of an organism.
What is growth?
A way of making changes to specific parts of a genome
What is gene editing?
A mixture of the alleles in the genotype is seen in the phenotype.
Examples: if a white and black dog produce a gray offspring, children born with semi-curly or wavy hair
What is incomplete dominance?
A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes. A human example is cystic fibrosis. A mutation in a single gene causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and blocks ducts in digestive organs.
This mutation is ______________
What is harmful?
Involves choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics
What is selective breeding?
How do multicellular organisms grow?
In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
What is an allele?
Max & Mary have brown eyes yet a blue eye daughter was born to them.
What does this indicate about the genotype of the parents...
What does this say about their daughter's genotype...
That both parents are heterozygous (Bb)
The daughter is homozygous recessive (bb)
Mutations have occurred in bacteria that allow the bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotic drugs, leading to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
This mutation is ____________
What is beneficial?
Any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques
What is GMO?
Comprise bacteria and archaea-these organisms.
Genetic material isn't stored within a membrane-bound nucleus.
What are Prokaryotic cells?
Can phenotype is influenced by more than one gene?
Yes! Eye color, height, and skin color are influenced by MULTIPLE GENES.
What is the chance of this offspring being tall if the genotype of the parents are Tt & tt.
where T = tall & t = short
What is 50%?
A mutation that exchanges one base for another
What is Substitution?
Technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things
What is cloning?
Cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope.
What are eukaryotic cells?
What is gene therapy?
Inherited physical characteristics; a specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring is called a(n)
What are traits?
Occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.
What is a mutation?
Ethical issues that arise from modern biotechnologies
What are the availability and use of privileged information, potential for ecological harm, access to new drugs and treatments, and the idea of interfering with nature?