Cultures of the
Mountains and the Sea
Mountains and the Sea
What are the two important seas of Greece?
The Aegean Sea and the Ionian Sea
What was the fortified hilltop where citizens met to discuss city government called?
Acropolis
What was the fearsome military formation of hoplites called?
Phalanx
Who had three goals: to strengthen Athenian democracy, to hold and strengthen the empire, and to glorify Athens?
Pericles
Who built the original settlement at Rome on Palatine Hill?
The Latins
What did the climate in ancient Greece support for many Greek citizens?
Outdoor activities
What name was given to powerful individuals who took control of the government with the support of common people?
Tyrants
What wars, fought between Greece and the Persian Empire
The Persian Wars
At the center of Pericles’ plan to glorify Athens was which architectural masterpiece?
The Parthenon
Which group in early Rome were wealthy landowners who held most of the power?
Patricians
From their contact with the Minoans, what type of trade did the Mycenaeans recognize as valuable?
Seaborne trade
Who developed a legal code in 621 B.C. based on the idea that all Athenians were equal under the law?
Draco
In which battle did 300 Spartans die bravely while holding off the Persians?
The Battle of Thermopylae
What is the style of art, based on harmony, order, balance, and proportion, created by Greek sculptors during the golden age?
Classical art
Who protected the rights of plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials?
Tribunes
The Trojan War happened between which two city-states?
Mycenaeans and Troy
What type of state did Sparta build instead of a democracy?
A military state
Which battle marked a major defeat for the Persians, leaving them on the defensive always?
The Battle of Plataea
Who lost the Peloponnesian War in 404 B.C.?
Athens
Who won the Punic Wars?
Rome
What was the name given to the people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.?
Mycenaeans
What form of government did Athenian reformers move toward?
Democracy
Which city emerged as the leader of the Delian League during the 470s B.C.?
Athens
Which philosopher questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge?
Aristotle
By 265 B.C., the Romans were masters of nearly all of which region?
Italy