Language & Gender
What is cross-cultural communication?
What is the process of recognizing and understanding cultural differences to communicate effectively between people of different backgrounds?
How do babies learn to speak?
What is through interaction with caregivers, imitation, and exposure to language over time?
How can people communicate without using words?
What is through gestures, facial expressions, body language, and other non-verbal signals?
What is a syllabary?
What is a writing system where each symbol stands for a syllable (e.g., Japanese kana)?
What kinds of changes can happen in a language over time?
What are changes in sounds, meanings, grammar, and vocabulary?
How do men and women speak differently in some cultures?
What is that men often use more assertive and competitive language, while women may use more cooperative and supportive speech?
What are some ideas about how people learn their first language?
What are behaviorist theories, nativist (innate) theories, interactionist perspectives, and social learning?
What can touch tell us in communication?
What is conveying emotions like comfort, support, aggression, or formality depending on the context?
What is an ideogram?
What is a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept (e.g., ⛔ or ☮️)?
How long does it take for a language to change, and why?
What is gradually over generations due to contact with other languages, social changes, and internal evolution?
What are the four language and gender theories?
What are the Deficit, Dominance, Difference, and Dynamic theories?
What is a “Caregiver speech?”
What is simplified, repetitive, and exaggerated speech used by adults when speaking to infants?
What is paralanguage, and why is it important?
What is the use of tone, pitch, volume, and speaking rate to convey meaning beyond words?
What is “Abjad” in the writing system?
What is a writing system that includes only consonants, with vowel sounds often implied (e.g., Arabic or Hebrew)?
What are the 3 mechanisms of sound change in languages?
What are EPENTHESIS, prothesis, and metathesis?
$400 – Highlight the differences between “Peach” and “Coconut” cultures.
What is that “Peach” cultures are friendly on the surface but private internally, while “Coconut” cultures are more reserved initially but open up gradually?
In what ways does ‘overgeneralization’ differ from ‘overextension’ in children’s language acquisition?
What is that overgeneralization applies grammatical rules too broadly (e.g., "goed"), while overextension uses a word too broadly in meaning (e.g., calling all animals "dog")?
How does the space and environment around us affect how we communicate?
What is through proxemics and environmental cues that signal formality, intimacy, or status?
What are abstract logographic writing systems?
What are systems where each character represents a word or morpheme, and the form is not visually related to its meaning (e.g., Chinese characters)?
What are the 4 types of semantic changes?
What are broadening, narrowing, amelioration, and pejoration?
Can you define the “peanut” culture?
What is a metaphor for cultures that are soft on the outside and hard inside, suggesting a mix of friendliness and inner rigidity?
What is second language learning, and how is it different from learning a first language?
What is acquiring a language after the first one, often later in life and with more conscious effort and different cognitive processes?
Explain the importance of non-verbal communication in cross-cultural communication.
What is that it helps convey emotions and attitudes, but differences can lead to misunderstandings if not interpreted correctly across cultures?
What are the two main types of writing systems?
What are phonographic (sound-based) and logographic (meaning-based) systems?
How do you define a morphosyntactic change in languages?
What is a change in the structure of words and sentence patterns over time?