Participles to shorten relative clauses
The person who was walking next to me looked really tired.
The person walking next to me looked really tired.
The girl who was picked up by her brother was very nice.
The girl picked up by her brother was very nice.
While the students are doing their homework, they are annoyed.
As the boy is working really hard, he gets the best grades.
Working really hard, the boy gets the best grades.
This is the man working as a teacher.
This is the man who works as a teacher.
We visited the city which was mentioned in our travel guide
We visited the city mentioned in our travel guide
One morning I saw a man who walked along the river.
One morning I saw a man walking along the river.
Lots of people use cars a lot, so this results in a large ecological footprint.
Lots of people use cars a lot (thus) resulting in a large ecological footprint.
Although Emma is really tired, she is looking forward to the concert this evening.
This is the new grammar taught by Ms. Glöckl.
This is the new grammar which is/was taught by Ms. Glöckl.
The that stands at the end of the road will soon be sold.
The house standing at the end of the road will soon be sold.
A friend who helps you in need is a good friend indeed.
A friend helping you in need is a good friend indeed.
The battle was fought at this place. The battle was very significant
The battle fought at this place was very significant.
He was very tall. He became a basketball player.
Being very tall, he became a basketball player.
Working as a doctor, the woman earns a lot of money.
As she works/ she is working as a doctor, the woman earns a lot of money.
The conference which is being planned by non-governmental organisations is about globalisation.
The conference being planned by non-governmental organisations is about globalisation.
The problems which are being discussed will be essential for your exam.
The problems being discussed will be essential for your exam.
As he didn't have any money, John couldn't afford a taxi.
After the woman had been invited to a party, she bought a new dress.
Having been invited to a party, the woman bought a new dress.
Having been used just once, the plastic bag is thrown away.
After the plastic bag was/ has been used just once, it is thrown away.
The water which was being polluted was contaminated.
The water being polluted was contaminated.
Clothes that were being labelled "fair-trade" were produced sustainably.
Clothes being labelled "fair-trade" were produced sustainably.
After the children had finished their homework, they met their friends outside.
Having finished their homework, the children met their friends outside.
The teacher was asked a question yesterday. Now the teacher can prepare a test.
(After) having been asked a question, the teacher can prepare a test.
Having been used just once, plastic bottles are thrown away.
After plastic bottles have just been used once, they are thrown away.