People I.
Who was Miklós Wesselényi?
baron, Transylvania, Szatmár
member of the diet (Upper House)
Prejudices, flood of Pest (hero)
Who was Francis I. and Ignác Martinovics?
Napoleonic Wars, 1809 Győr, did not call the diet together
Martinovics: Jacobin movement in Hungary, executed Vérmező
What happened during the diet of 1825-27?
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
preserving the Hung. language
Who had the executive power, legislative power according to the April Laws?
king exercises it through the government, deputy of the king: palatine
legislative: representative parliament
Why did the conflict start?
Ferdinand V. - royal decree - not signed by the ministers (abolish m. of Finance, m. of War)
Serbs, Croats - turmoil, bc of not getting collective rights
Jelacic - Croation ban, September 11th - Hungarian territory with an army, aim: Buda, make the gov. sign the decree
Who was Ferenc Deák?
noble, Zala
supporter of emancipation, reconciliation
Minister of Justice, member of the Opposition
Who was Jelacic, Windischgrӓtz, Haynau?
Jelacic - Croatian ban, Habsburg supporter, led a military campaign to make the Hungarian government sign the royal decree of Ferdinand V., was stopped at Pákozd
Windischgrӓtz - imperial army, Schwechat, captured Buda, won overthe Hung. army at Kápolna, will be replaced after the spring campaign
Haynau - imperial army, during the Russian intervention, executions (Arad)
What happened during the diet of 1839-40?
amnesty is accepted (Deák)
optional redemption
Who could have active/passive voting right?
active: male, over the age of 20, census on property or literacy
passive: male, over the age of 24, Hungarian language
What happened and when was the Battle of Pákozd?
September 29th, victory of the Hungarians over Jelacic army
János Móga - did not cross to Austrian territory (that would be an act of war)
count, member of the Upper House (főrendi ellenzék)
Prime Minister of the first responsible government, imprisoned, Oct. 6 - Pest execution
Who was János Móga, Artúr Görgei?
Móga - leader of the Hung. army during Pákozd and Schwechat
Görgei - Hung. army, several times appointed, ambivalent relationship with Kossuth, put down the weapons in front of the Russians August 13th
What happened during the diet of 1847-48?
stalemate - revolution in Paris
Kossuth's petition speech - revolution in Vienna - Kossuth's proposal is accepted by the UH, delegation to Vienna
What happened with the serfs? (April Laws)
compulsory redemption with compensation to the landlords (later)
What was the National Defence Committee?
after Batthányi had to resign, led by Kossuth, aim is to protect the country, organise the defence
has to move to Debrecen when W. will capture Buda
they move back during the spring campaign (have to leave again after the Russian intervention)
Who was István Széchenyi?
army, travelled Western Europe, Minister of Public Works and Transport
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
mental breakdown, Döbling
Who was Bertalan Szemere?
Minister of Interior
Prime minister of the second responsible government
Explain Széchenyi's viewpoint in Credit! What is the first step?
problem: law of entailment, cant give their land as collateral, this is the first step (economy), the other social steps: optional redemption
Other articles of the April Laws:
general taxation, freedom of the press, National Guard, equality before the law, union with Transylvania
What was the constitution of Olmütz? What happened during the Spring Campaign?
W. believed that he won over the Hung. after Kápolna, Olmütz: Hungary is a hereditary province - new HE: Francis Joseph
Spring Campaign: 1849 April-May, Hungarians take back almost all of Hungary from the imperial troops, April 6 -Isaszeg, May 21 - recapture of Buda
result: Declaration of Independence: April 14th
Who was Lajos Kossuth?
landless noble, lawyer, political journalism, Dietal Reports, prison, Pest News
Minister of Finance, member of the Opposition
governor-president after the Declaration of Independence
left the country after the Russian intervention
Who was palatine Stephen?
last palatine of Hungary, Joseph palatines (the most Hungarian Habsurgs) son
supported the Batthányi government
1831, from Russia, quarantine, serfs cant do their seasonal jobs, famine - revolt (Kossuth)
union of interest - Kölcsey, Wesselényi
the interest of the nobility and the serfs should be the same
What was the problem with the April Laws?
What do we mean by political nation?
problem of the ethnicities: did not give them collective rights
liberation was slow (ex. Transylvania)
political nation: everyone is a member of the nation who lives there (historical, legal connection) - idea from the reform period (reformers!), social class did not matter
What happened during the Russian intervention? What would be the consequence?
FJ and Nicholas I. (cousins), Russian tsar will help
Paskevich and Haynau - victory over the Hungarian army (Temesvár - Dembinski lost, Kossuth give dictatorial power to Görgei)
Görgei put down the weapons in front of the Russians 1849 August 13th Világos
retaliation: execution, Arad-Pest (Oct 6th), imprisonment, soldiers to the imperial army