Industrial Revolution Basics
This country was the birthplace of the First Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s.
Great Britain
Eli Whitney invented this machine, which greatly increased cotton production.
the cotton gin
This movenent emphasized reason over tradition.
the Enlightenment
This document, written in 1776, announced the American colonies’ break from Britain.
the Declaration of Independence
This ideology emphasized shared culture and helped unify Germany and Italy.
nationalism
This industry led the way during early industrialization.
textiles
This invention allowed one worker to spin many threads at once.
the spinning jenny
This philosopher argued that governments exist to protect natural rights.
John Locke
This revolution was the only successful slave revolt in history and ended slavery in 1804.
the Haitian Revolution
Workers formed these organizations to demand better wages and working conditions.
labor unions
This invention, improved by James Watt, provided power for factories and transportation.
the steam engine
Henry Bessemer developed this process to make steel cheaper and stronger.
the Bessemer Process
This thinker believed power should be divided into three branches of government.
Montesquieu
This French social class led many revolutions due to their resentment toward elite privilege and high taxes.
the bourgeoisie
This economic system supports private ownership and free markets.
capitalism
This agricultural movement enclosed common lands and helped lead to urbanization
the Enclosure Movement
This method of production, perfected by Henry Ford, sped up manufacturing by dividing labor into steps.
the assembly line
This belief held that God exists but does not interfere in human affairs.
Deism
This violent phase of the French Revolution included mass executions of nobles and clergy.
the Reign of Terror
Karl Marx argued for this system, calling for revolutionary change and an end to private property.
communism
This process of people moving from rural areas to cities increased as factory jobs expanded.
urbanization
Electricity during the Second Industrial Revolution allowed factories to do both of these things.
longer working hours and safer factories
This massive reference work edited by Denis Diderot helped spread Enlightenment ideas.
Encyclopédie
This leader seized power after the French Revolution, built an empire, and created a legal code.
Napoleon Bonaparte
These two canals dramatically reduced global travel time during the 19th century.
the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal