Absolutism
He built a warm water port, taxed beards, and opened a school of navigation to westernize Russia.
Peter the Great
This doctrine was used to legitimize monarchs and prevent any challenge to their claim.
Divine Right of Kings
This period in history was marked by the increase use of logic, reason, and utility to challenge traditional society and government.
The Enlightenment
The storming of this ancient castle in 1789 was the flashpoint of the French Revolution.
The Bastille
The Peninsular War (Napoleon's invasion of Spain and Portugal) destabilized what part of the world that saw a wave of revolutions.
Latin America
This Venezuelan revolutionary was known as "The Liberator", helped multiple nations gain independence, and even had a country named after him.
Simon Bolivar
This ideology in the 18th century promoted monarchies, strict social heirachies, and limited freedom to maintain control and order.
Conservatism
He was the king of Spain who saw its Golden Age, but after being defeated by England and having to declare bankruptcy five times; he also saw its decline. He was also a very staunch Catholic.
Phillip II
Thomas Hobbes and other thinkers argued that this agreement existed between the people and the government; where subjects are obligated to support government as long as they uphold their end of the deal.
Social Contract
These were the three natural rights promoted by John Locke.
Life, Liberty, and Property
The radical phase of the revolution was marked by this, a period of paranoia and executions carried out to stop anti-revolutionaries.
The Reign of Terror
Napoleon came to power by overthrowing the directory in this overthrow of government.
Coup d'etat
This class (race) of people led the revolutions in Latin America in their fight for their rights and autonomy.
Creoles
This group of diplomats sought to maintain the balance of power in Europe by restoring monarchs after the Napoleonic Wars.
The Congress of Vienna
In England, this representative body revolted against Charles I; winning a civil war and executing him.
Parliament
When Thomas Jefferson wrote about Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness in the Declaration of Independnece, he was channeling what Enlightenment thinker?
John Locke
Denis Diderot published this, because he believed that information should be readily available for people to educate themselves in all fields of knowledge.
Encyclopedia
Lous XIV built this palace to showcase his power and authority; and also his unfettered and wreckless spending
Napoleon lost over 600,000 troops in a failed invasion of this country.
Russia
This liberal revolutionary leader led a failed revolution in Mexico with his Cry of Dolores.
Father Hidalgo
One contrast between the American Revolution and the French Revolution was that the United States established this, a plan of government, that has lasted since it was adopted in 1789.
Constitution
A major event under his rule was the Dissolution of the Monasteries, where he closed down and confiscated property and finances from the Catholic Church. This was after the 1534 Act of Supremacy that made him the head of the Anglican Church of England.
King Henry VIII
The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the American Revolution because this country was willing to financially and militarily support the revolution after they saw the American colonists's prove they could win.
France
Cesare Beccaria was a major critic of the criminal justice system in Europe; which he believed to be barbaric and outdated. His writings directly impacted the United States with the inclusion of the 8th amendment, which prevents cruel and unsual _______.
Punishment
The French Revolution began when this group, disenfranchised for voting fairly, taxed unjustly, and poorly treated at the Estates-General decided to form a new government.
3rd Estate
Napoleon invaded this country due to their unwillingness to join the Continental System and participate in a blockade against Great Britain.
Portgual
This decree by a President of the United States helped protect newly independent Latin American countries from European intervention; but also made them vulnerable to future U.S. political and economic intervention.
The Monroe Doctrine
The French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and the Revolutions of 1848 all led to this: pride in one's country and support for its interest.
Nationalism
Cardinal Richelieu essentially controlled France's military during the Thirty Years' War. Despite the fact that France was a Catholic nation, he switched sides and fought against the Catholics to weaken this family, who had gained and consolidated power through marriages in Spain and Austria.
The Habsburgs
This monarch revoked the Edict of Nantes and expelled protestants from his country as a way to create a more unified state under his control.
Louis XIV
Enlightenment ideas spread quickly in France and England because printed materials and opportunities for discussion were available in restaurants where the price of a penny could gain anyone admission and a cup of this.
Coffee
This unnecessary war was waged by Louis XIV, who had hoped to gain the throne of a neighboring country. Unfortunately he lost, and racked up a massive amount of debt.
The War of Spanish Succession
Napoleon's final defeat happened at this battle, at the hands of the Duke of Wellington, commander of the Seventh Coalition.
Waterloo
This was the name of Simon Bolivar's new nation. It only lasted a few years before breaking up.
Gran Colombia
Napoleon wanted to find a way to preserve food during his long campaigns, so that soliders didn't have to eat spoiled rations. So he came up with a contest, offering a prize of 12,000 francs to anyone who could invent a reliable method to preserve food for soldiers and sailors on long campaigns. Nicolas Appert won the prize by coming up with this.
Canned Food