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Vocabulary
French Revolution
Austrian Revolution
Italian Revolution
Important people/1st bimester
100
Name this policy: the policy in warfare of removing or destroying everything that might be useful to an invading enemy, esp by fire
scorched earth policy
100
What were 3 causes of the revolution?
1. economic problems 2. People wanted right to vote (universal suffrage) 3. King Louis Philipe refused to make changes
100
Liberalism or nationalism caused the Austiran revolutions?
Nationalism because the different ethnic groups wanted to be independent.
100
What caused the Italian revolution of 1848?
The fact that the peninsula was divided and they didn't want Austria to rule anymore.
100
Who was the leader of Young Italy?
Giuseppe Mazzini
200
Define absolute monarchy
Monarchy where the monarch has absolute power and is not restricted by a constitution.
200
Why did the French revolution fail?
lack of organization and no leadership
200
Why were working classes unhappy?
Money, taxes, and religion
200
What did Young Italians hope to do?
They hoped to make italy free from foreign rule
200
What was the tea act? What happened in the boston tea party?
The act that levied the tax on tea. Tea was thrown in the ocean.
300
Movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to scrutinize previously accepted doctrines and traditions and that brought about many humanitarian reforms is called______________________
Enlightenment
300
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte? What happened to him?
He declared himself first consul, became ruler of France, lead troops to Russia where many died, was exiled to an Island.
300
Why did the Austrian revolutions fail?
-Lack of planning -lack of powerful political support -lower class people did not understand the goals of the revolution
300
What 3 types of government did Italians want at the beginning of the revolution?
Republic, Pope to rule, or a Monarchy
300
The ________________ were a series of Acts passed after the Boston Tea Party in an effort to reassert authority over the colonies.
Coercive Acts
400
The idea that government is created by and subject to the will of the people is called ______________
popular sovereignty
400
Describe the French Revolution.
It was a result of an economic crisis linked with the return of Monarchy which was not what the people wanted.
400
Who was Ferdinand?
Emperor of Austria
400
Name 5 main events of the Italian revolution:
1. All states wanted to unite 2. Young Italy is formed 3. Sicilians demand change 4. Milan tried to end Austrian rule but not giving them taxes 5. Allegiance was formed to King Charles Albert of Savoy 6. Venice and terento declare loyalty. Venice claims independence 7. King Charles just wants to take more land for himself 8. Pope is driven out of Rome and Young italians take over 9. Pope has French soldiers invade Rome 10. Young Italians not strong enough so they flee 11. Austria reclaimed the italian states
400
Who was the King of Piedmont-Sardinia?
Charles Albert of Savoy
500
Define nationalism and liberalism
Nationalism is: The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively Liberalism: individual liberty and freedom of choice should be the primary goal of a government.
500
Name 3 events of the French Revolution:
1. King didn't respond to his people 2. Citizens organized 3. banquets were banned 5. People revolt, 52 die, Louis Philippe flees to London 6. 2nd Republic forms 7. National Workshops formed, Paris becomes poor 8. Louis Napoleon elected (napoleon III) 9. battle of prussia, napoleon captured 10. Revolution fails
500
Name 5 events of the revolution:
1. Congress of Vienna gave Austrian empire more land 2. Metternich wanted equality 3. Only nobles in hungary were free of taxes and could vote 4. People hear of change in France and want the same 5. Speeches and riots broke out in Hungary 6. Czechs and Italians followed their lead 7. Ferdinand signs reform 8. riots erupt and vienna is attacked 9. Russians and Franz Joseph invade Hungary and force it to surrender 10. The revolutions failed
500
Who created the Roman Republic (1848-1849) and what did they try to do?
Created by Young Italians. Gave land to the poor, had economic problems, were attacked by the French.
500
Who ruled during the Reign of terror?
Robespierre