Enlightenment Ideas
This idea says government gets its power from the consent of the governed.
What is popular sovereignty?
Signed in 1215, this charter limited the English king’s power and influenced constitutional government.
What is the Magna Carta?
War between British and colonists (1775–1783) influenced by Enlightenment ideals and lack of representation.
What is the American Revolution?
Venezuelan and South American liberator who traced influence to American and French revolutions.
Who is Simón Bolívar?
He seized power in France, ending the revolutionary government and eventually declaring himself emperor.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
Rights described by Enlightenment thinkers as God‑given and inalienable.
What are natural (inalienable) rights?
1776 document that lists grievances and asserts rights that inspired revolutions.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This revolution began in 1789 against Louis XVI, leading to radical social and political upheaval in France.
What is the French Revolution?
Latin American independence movements often adapted Enlightenment ideas to local conditions; name one core idea they adopted.
What is popular sovereignty (or natural rights / constitutionalism)?
One major effect of Napoleon’s rule across Europe was the spread of these ideas that had begun with the Enlightenment and Revolution.
What are legal reforms and nationalist ideas (e.g., Napoleonic Code, spread of revolutionary ideals)?
The practice of dividing government power among branches to prevent abuse.
What is separation of powers?
1789 French document that proposed liberal changes and codified Enlightenment ideals for citizens.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
By 1793 this period in France saw nearly 16,000 people executed as part of extreme revolutionary violence.
What is the Reign of Terror?
This country's revolution (led by formerly enslaved people) resulted in the first successful slave revolt and independent nation in Latin America/Caribbean.
What is Haiti (Haitian Revolution)?
This European impact included redrawn borders and the spread of revolutionary ideas; it also inspired independence movements where?
Where in Latin America?
A form of government in which citizens elect representatives to make laws and govern on their behalf.
What is a republic?
This concept argues government authority derives from the people and is limited by a written framework.
What is limited/constitutional monarchy?
Series of conflicts led by a military leader that spread French influence across Europe after the Revolution.
What are the Napoleonic Wars (led by Napoleon Bonaparte)?
The document and political ideas from which Latin American leaders drew were strongly influenced by these two earlier revolutions.
What are the American and French revolutions?
The long‑term political effect of the Napoleonic Wars included weakening these old regimes and stimulating reform or revolt in their colonies.
What are absolutist monarchies/imperial powers?
Political theory that people form governments by mutual agreement for mutual benefit.
What is the social contract theory?
The English document that, along with others, limited monarchy and protected certain rights (later than Magna Carta).
What is the English Bill of Rights?
The process in which Enlightenment ideas and examples from the U.S. and France helped spark independence across the Americas.
What are the Atlantic revolutions (or revolutionary movements in the late 18th–early 19th centuries)?
Explain briefly how Bolívar adapted Enlightenment ideals to Latin America.
To foster independence, republican government, regional unity, and adaptation to creole leadership.
Describe briefly how the Napoleonic Wars influenced Latin American independence movements.
Led to weakened Spain and Portugal, power vacuums, creole elites inspired by reforms and upheaval in Europe.