Passive Voice
The dog bit the boy
The boy was bitten by the dog
"I'm going to the dentist now", said Lyn. (said)
Lyn said she was going to the dentist then
I'll buy a new computer provided that I get a rise in salary. (providing)
I'll buy a new computer providing that I get a rise in salary.
I'm thinking about taking Chinese lessons. (may)
I may take Chinese lessons
They have sold the house. I wanted to buy it
They have sold the house (which/that) I wanted to buy
They will send him away to school
He will be sent away to school
"There was a good documentary on TV yesterday", said Tom. (said)
Tom said there had been a good documentary on TV the day before / the previous day
Whenever I make a promise, I keep it
If I make a promise, I keep it
I'm sure she's at home
She must be at home
They have sold the grocery. I used to go shopping there
They have sold the grocery where I used to go shopping
TWO structures:
I gave him a book
(1) He was given a book
(2) A book was given to him
"Can you help me with my Science project next weekend?", Peter asked Sheila. (asked)
Peter asked Sheila if she could help him with his Science Project the next weekend/the following weekend.
They lost the match because of the heavy rain
If it hadn't rained so heavily, they wouldn't have lost the match
I'm sorry that I didn't arrive on time
I should have arrived on time
Carol plays the piano brilliantly. She is only 9
Carol, who plays the piano brilliantly, is only 9. // Carlos, who is only 9, plays the piano brilliantly
TWO structures:
They believe that the horse is a present
(1) The horse is believed to be a present
(2) It's believed that the horse is a present
"Don't write it down!", mom said. (ordered)
Mom ordered not to write it down
I won't go to Rio unless I find a cheap flight. (if)
I won't go to Rio if I don't find a cheap flight
I think that Ridley Scott didn't direct this movie.
Ridley Scott...
Ridley Scott can't have directed this movie
This is the letter for which we have been waiting so long (formal -> informal)
This is the letter (which) we have been waiting for so long
Could you feed the dog?
Could the dog be fed?
Kyle said he hadn't hidden Beth's phone from her. (denied)
Kyle denied hidding Beth's phone from her // Kyle denied having hidden Beth's phone from her // Kyle denied that he had hidden Beth's phone from her
You are too young to get a driving license. (if)
If you weren't so young, you would/could get a driving license
I'm sure that isn't Joe; he's much taller
That can't be Joe; he's much taller
That's the boy. I told you about him last night. (whom)
That's the boy about whom I told you last night