Medicine Love Triangles
List the components of the triangle
Scene Size up, Primary Assessment/Survey, Vital Signs, Secondary Assessment (Physical assessment and Medical History)
This is the most common cause of an airway obstruction:
The tongue
The first step in controlling a bleed is:
Direct Pressure
List the colors we use to during triage sorting and what they mean
Green: walking wounded, Minimal
Yellow: Can follow commands, but cannot move self to collection point, Delayed
Red: Has life threat or intervention applied, Immediate
Black: Deceased or likely not to survive
List the complete checks for medication administration
Time
Amount
Medication/Drug
Person/Prescription
Expiration Date
Route
Documentation
Shock is always secondary to an injury or insult. Name the 4 types of shock and one example of each!
Hypovolemic: exsanguinating bleed, dehydration
Cardiogenic: myocardial infarction
Obstructive: Tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism
Distributive: Anaphylactic, neurogenic, septic
What are our three oxygen delivery options? What are the flow rates associated with these?
Nasal Cannula: 1-6 L per minute
Non-Rebreather Mask: 10-15 L per minute
Bag Valve Mask: 15+ L per minute
List 4 common signs and symptoms of someone having a myocardial infarction.
Chest pain, shortness of breath, arm radiation, nausea, fatigue, diaphoresis, throat burning
Pain not typically reproducible by palpation
Does not typically resolve with rest
List 4 signs or symptoms you would expect in a patient with severe hypothermia
Altered mental status, pale/cold skin, decreased or cessation in shivering, decreased vital signs, worry for afterdrop
Where are the areas we can or can assist with reduction a dislocation?
How do we care for a dislocation following a reduction?
Finger, patella, mandible, anterior shoulder dislocation.
If reduction successful; splint the joint!
Your patient states they twisted their ankle. You finished your primary assessment and have begun your secondary assessment. During this, you patients winces and says "ow!" during palpation of their knee. What should you do next?
When would we choose to use a jaw-thrust maneuver to open an airway over a head-tilt chin-lift?
When there is suspected spinal injuries.
List key actions/treatments for a patient who has a mid-shaft femur fracture.
Expose the area
Place a traction splint (what are the contraindications?)
Backboard to splint the leg
Shock treatment
Evacuation
Fish are scary. Name the signs and symptoms expected with ciguatera toxin and paralytic shellfish poisoning:
Ciguatera toxin: nausea, vomiting, tingling sensation, muscle aches, hot-cold sensation reversal
Paralytic shellfish poisoning: nausea, vomiting, ataxia, numbness and tingling
List 3 sizes of IV needles and when we would choose to use them?
20 G (pink)- trauma/medical, fluid infusions, blood
22 G (blue)- fluids, medications, antibiotics
What is cushing's triad? When do we see if and what are the vital signs?
Severe head trauma
Elevated BP, decreased HR, irregular respiratory rate
How can we confirm an IGel is in the correct location?
Definitive resistance on insertion; teeth align with bite block
Listen to lung sounds
Assess skin and pulse ox
Demonstrate a stroke assessment!
Balance, eyes, face, arms, speech, TIME!
If it was the first seizure in over a year, with a history of epilepsy.
If it was their first seizure.
Seizure coupled with confirmed pregnancy.
Seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes
Unconscious for longer than 2 hours
What is the adult dose for epinephrine? Pediatric dose?
Pediatric: 0.15 mg
List the normal ranges we expect for:
HR, RR, BP, Oxygen, and Temperature
HR: 60-100 bpm
RR: 12-20 rpm
BP: 120/80 mmHg
O2: > 94%
T: 37C-38C
Talk through the treatment for a patient having an asthma attack
Consider environment
Administer their inhaler with 2 puffs
Provide oxygen, shock treatment
Reassess; if symptoms persist- deliver 2 additional puffs
What the the 5 components of a good splint?
Rigid
Adjustable
Can check CSMs
Splint above and below the joint or bone
Padded
What is the 1:10:1 rule?
1 min to control breathing
10 min for purposeful movement
1 hour before developing hypothermia
What are some wound evacuation criteria?
Complex wounds: involving joints, muscles, tendons
S/Sx of Infection (local or systemic)
Open fractures
Animal bites
Coupled with hypothermia
Subcutaneous emphysema
Requiring immunizations
Wounds with retained foreign body