The Emotional Appeal
What is the Greek word for "appeal to emotion?"
pathos
How do the emotions affect our decision-making?
We seek things that are going to bring us pleasure and positive emotions.
We avoid things that are going to cause us pain and negative emotions.
How is a speaker supposed to address the following types of emotions in their audience?
a. if the audience has unjustified emotions
b. if the audience has appropriate emotions
a. identify and correct unjustified emotions
b. stir up appropriate emotions
What is the "emotion-pair" for calmness?
Anger
Who taught Plato?
Socrates
In order to appeal to emotion without manipulating, one must align the emotions with ___________.
reason / truth / the mind
What's the "dual nature" of the emotions?
Tied to the mind (mental)
What tip will help you consider how to use emotions to stir up your audience?
Think about "why" your audience would feel a certain way about the topic you are giving.
This will help decide when/where you need to correct unjustified emotions and when/where you need to reinforce appropriate emotions.
What is the emotion-pair for fear?
Confidence
Who taught Aristotle?
Plato
The speaker's job, when appealing to pathos, is to create harmony between what your audience ____________s and what they _____________.
feels / think
thinks / feel
What type of response will you get from the audience if you only appeal to urgency of bodily pain and pleasure?
Your audience will only think about the immediate pain and pleasure they will get, which makes them make a quick decision without thinking. (This leads to the audience only agreeing with you temporarily).
Why is it bad for the speaker to only appeal to each audience member's individual interest/benefit?
By manipulating the passions to reinforce selfish ends, a speaker reinforces the blind prejudice that emotions naturally have. If we only have them consider their own pain and pleasure, they will more likely "go with their gut" and not thinking about whether their emotions are justified.
What are the "emotion-pairs" for the following emotions?
a. Enmity
b. Kindliness
a. Friendship
b. Unkindliness
What was the name of the school Plato founded?
The Academy
How can your appeal to pathos build up your ethos?
Appealing to appropriate emotions builds your ethos because it shows that you feel the right emotions about the right things (reveals goodwill and moral virtue).
What type of response will you get from the audience if you appeal to the rational side of emotions?
If you get your audience thinking about their emotions and whether they are justified, they will make a well-reasoned judgment. (This leads to the audience agreeing with you in the long-run).
Why is it good to get your audience thinking about how the issue/topic affects people other than themselves?
This gets the audience thinking about more than their own pain and pleasure. This makes them consider whether their emotions are justified.
What are the "emotion-pairs" for the following emotions?
a. shamelessness
b. pity
c. emulation
a. shame
b. indignation
c. envy
What was the name of the school Aristotle founded?
The Lyceum